Abstract

The problems of forecasting the pollutant concentration in the atmosphere by means of mathematical modeling remain one of the most relevant scientific areas. Such a conclusion can be drawn from the analysis of scientific publications related to the problems of mathematical modeling of complex processes of mass transfer in the atmosphere. In this regard, the aim of this study is to develop a mathematical model for the transport and diffusion of emissions of polluting particles of technogenic and natural origin and an effective numerical algorithm for solving the problem with a high-order approximation in time and space variables. A feature of the proposed mathematical apparatus is that, in addition to the main factors, the model takes into account the phenomenon of the capture of aerosol particles by elements of vegetation in the land environment. The solution algorithm is based on the method for splitting the original problem into physical factors: advection, diffusion, and absorption of a substance in the air mass of the atmosphere. Computational experiments were conducted using real meteorological parameters and data on sources of atmospheric pollution. An analysis of the results of numerical calculations showed their good agreement with the data of field measurements and the results obtained by other authors. Thus, the adequacy of the developed mathematical model and the accuracy of the numerical algorithm were sufficiently substantiated. In the course of experiments, the influence of the main factors on the process of transfer and diffusion of particles of harmful substances in the atmosphere was established. Particular attention was paid to the study of how the green cover on the terrain affects the propagation of particle concentration fields; what portion of pollutants can be absorbed by vegetation elements compared to other types of the underlying surface. The practical outcome of the study is the possibility of developing recommendations to support decision-making on maintaining the ecological balance of the environment in industrial regions and protecting it from the possible negative impact of technogenic factors.

中文翻译：

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考虑植被元素对颗粒的捕获，对污染物在大气中扩散的过程进行建模

 抽象的

通过数学模型预测大气中污染物浓度的问题仍然是最相关的科学领域之一。这样的结论可以从与大气中复杂的质量传递过程的数学建模问题相关的科学出版物的分析中得出。在这方面，本研究的目的是开发一个用于技术和自然来源的污染颗粒排放的传输和扩散的数学模型，以及一种有效的数值算法来解决时间和空间变量的高阶近似问题。所提出的数学装置的一个特点是，除了主要因素之外，该模型还考虑了陆地环境中植被元素捕获气溶胶颗粒的现象。求解算法基于将原始问题分解为物理因素的方法：大气中物质的平流、扩散和吸收。利用真实气象参数和大气污染源数据进行了计算实验。对数值计算结果的分析表明，它们与现场测量数据以及其他作者获得的结果具有良好的一致性。因此，所建立的数学模型的充分性和数值算法的准确性得到了充分的证实。在实验过程中，确定了主要因素对大气中有害物质颗粒迁移和扩散过程的影响。 特别关注地形上的绿色覆盖如何影响颗粒浓度场的传播的研究；与其他类型的下垫面相比，植被元素可以吸收多少部分污染物。该研究的实际成果是有可能提出建议，以支持有关维护工业地区环境生态平衡并保护其免受技术因素可能产生的负面影响的决策。