Characterizing strongly correlated matter is an increasingly central challenge in quantum science, where structure is often obscured by massive entanglement. It is becoming clear that in the quantum regime, state preparation and characterization should not be treated separately—entangling the two processes provides a quantum advantage in information extraction. Here, we present an approach that we term “manybody Ramsey interferometry” that combines adiabatic state preparation and Ramsey spectroscopy: Leveraging our recently developed one-to-one mapping between computational-basis states and manybody eigenstates, we prepare a superposition of manybody eigenstates controlled by the state of an ancilla qubit, allow the superposition to evolve relative phase, and then reverse the preparation protocol to disentangle the ancilla while localizing phase information back into it. Ancilla tomography then extracts information about the manybody eigenstates, the associated excitation spectrum, and thermodynamic observables. This work illustrates the potential for using quantum computers to efficiently probe quantum matter.

中文翻译：

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量子流体的多体干涉测量


表征强相关物质是量子科学中日益重要的挑战，其中结构经常被巨大的纠缠所掩盖。越来越清楚的是，在量子体系中，状态准备和表征不应分开对待——将这两个过程纠缠在一起可以在信息提取方面提供量子优势。在这里，我们提出了一种称为“多体拉姆齐干涉测量法”的方法，该方法结合了绝热态准备和拉姆齐光谱：利用我们最近开发的计算基础状态和多体本征态之间的一对一映射，我们准备了受控多体本征态的叠加通过辅助量子位的状态，允许叠加演化相对相位，然后反转准备协议以解开辅助量子位，同时将相位信息定位回其中。然后，Ancilla 断层扫描提取有关多体本征态、相关激发光谱和热力学可观测值的信息。这项工作说明了使用量子计算机有效探测量子物质的潜力。