Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) cooling break policy against alternative cooling configurations in attenuating thermal strain during simulated football in the heat. Methods 12 males (age: 27±6 years, V̇O2peak: 61±7 mL/kg/min) completed five 90 min intermittent treadmill football match simulations in 40°C and 41% relative humidity (32°C wet-bulb globe temperature) with different cooling configurations: regular match without cooling breaks (REG), 3 min breaks without cooling (BRKno-cool), 3 min breaks with cooling (BRKcool: current FIFA policy; chilled fluid ingestion and ice towel across neck and shoulders), 5 min extended half-time without cooling breaks (ExtHTonly) and 3 min cooling breaks with 5 min ExtHT (ExtHTcool). Rectal temperature (Tre), heart rate, whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Data are presented as mean (95% CIs). Results Final Tre was lower in BRKno-cool (0.20°C (0.01, 0.39), p=0.038), BRKcool (0.39°C (0.21, 0.57), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool (0.40°C (0.22, 0.58), p<0.001) than REG (39.1°C (38.8, 39.3)). Mean Tre was lower in ExtHTcool (38.2°C (38.0, 38.4)) than BRKcool (38.3°C (38.1, 38.5), p=0.018), BRKno-cool and ExtHTonly (38.4°C (38.2, 38.6), p<0.001) and REG (38.5°C (38.3, 38.7), p<0.001). Mean heart rate was lower during BRKcool (6 beats/min (4, 7), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool (7 beats/min (6, 8), p<0.001) compared with REG. WBSR was comparable across trials (p ≥ 0.07) and RPE was attenuated during BRKcool (0.4 (0.1, 0.7), p=0.004) and ExtHTcool (0.5 (0.2, 0.7), p=0.002), compared with REG. Conclusion BRKcool and ExtHTcool attenuated thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual strain during a simulated football match in the heat. Additional strategies may be required in field settings or under harsher conditions. Data are available on reasonable request.

中文翻译：

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在训练有素的男性中，在炎热条件下进行间歇性跑步机足球模拟时，FIFA 冷却休息热政策的效果


目的 评估国际足球协会 (FIFA) 冷却中断政策相对于替代冷却配置在模拟高温足球期间减轻热应变的效果。方法 12 名男性（年龄：27±6 岁，V̇O2peak：61±7 mL/kg/min）在 40°C 和 41% 相对湿度（32°C 湿球温度）下完成 5 次 90 分钟间歇跑步机足球比赛模拟使用不同的冷却配置：常规比赛无冷却休息 (REG)、3 分钟休息无冷却 (BRKno-cool)、3 分钟休息有冷却（BRKcool：现行国际足联政策；摄入冷冻液体并用冰毛巾覆盖颈部和肩部）、5分钟延长半场时间，无冷却中断 (ExtHTonly) 和 3 分钟冷却中断，带 5 分钟 ExtHT (ExtHTcool)。记录直肠温度（Tre）、心率、全身出汗率（WBSR）和感知用力等级（RPE）。数据以平均值（95% CI）表示。结果 BRKno-cool (0.20°C (0.01, 0.39), p=0.038)、BRKcool (0.39°C (0.21, 0.57), p<0.001) 和 ExtHTcool (0.40°C (0.22, p=0.038) 中的最终 Tre 较低。 0.58), p<0.001) 高于 REG (39.1°C (38.8, 39.3))。 ExtHTcool 中的平均 Tre (38.2°C (38.0, 38.4)) 低于 BRKcool (38.3°C (38.1, 38.5), p=0.018)、BRKno-cool 和 ExtHTonly (38.4°C (38.2, 38.6), p% 3C0.001) 和 REG (38.5°C (38.3, 38.7), p<0.001)。与 REG 相比，BRKcool (6 次/分钟 (4, 7), p<0.001) 和 ExtHTcool (7 次/分钟 (6, 8), p<0.001) 期间的平均心率较低。与 REG 相比，WBSR 在各试验中具有可比性 (p ≥ 0.07)，并且 BRKcool (0.4 (0.1, 0.7), p=0.004) 和 ExtHTcool (0.5 (0.2, 0.7), p=0.002) 期间 RPE 减弱。结论 BRKcool 和 ExtHTcool 可以减轻高温模拟足球比赛期间的热、心血管和感知压力。 在现场环境或更恶劣的条件下可能需要额外的策略。可根据合理要求提供数据。