The activated carbons were derived from fennel seeds (), a by-product of the herbal industry, through chemical activation. This research explored the influence of impregnation ratios of the precursor with potassium and sodium carbonate on the physicochemical and sorption characteristics of the resulting adsorbents. Thorough analyses were conducted on the activated carbons. Furthermore, adsorption studies were undertaken for two dyes: methylene blue and methyl red. The adsorption models' constants, along with thermodynamic parameters and kinetics of the process, were determined for each dye. Additionally, desorption tests of the adsorbed compounds were carried out. The materials obtained had a specific surface area ranging from 260 to 866 m·g. The study found that the adsorption of methylene blue followed the Langmuir model, while the adsorption of methyl red followed the Freundlich model. The sorption capacities of the materials were dependent on the type of activator and the precursor:activator impregnation ratio and ranged from 5 – 216 mg·g for methyl red and 11 – 314 mg·g for methylene blue. The most effective eluent for methylene blue was found to be the hydrochloric acid solution. Meanwhile, for desorbing methyl red, both ethanol and 0.1 M HCl solution were found to be effective.

中文翻译：

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通过化学回收草药工业废物获得的生物碳有效去除染料


活性炭是通过化学活化从草药工业的副产品茴香籽 () 中提取的。本研究探讨了前驱体与钾和碳酸钠的浸渍比例对所得吸附剂的物理化学和吸附特性的影响。对活性炭进行了彻底的分析。此外，还对两种染料进行了吸附研究：亚甲基蓝和甲基红。确定了每种染料的吸附模型常数以及过程的热力学参数和动力学。此外，还进行了吸附化合物的解吸测试。所得材料的比表面积范围为260至866 m·g。研究发现，亚甲基蓝的吸附遵循Langmuir模型，而甲基红的吸附遵循Freundlich模型。材料的吸附能力取决于活化剂的类型和前体：活化剂浸渍比，甲基红的吸附能力范围为 5 – 216 mg·g，亚甲基蓝的吸附能力范围为 11 – 314 mg·g。发现亚甲基蓝最有效的洗脱液是盐酸溶液。同时，对于甲基红的解吸，乙醇和0.1 M HCl溶液都被发现是有效的。