The Venezuelan exodus represents the largest known displacement of people in recent Latin American history. The regional crisis caused by this mass Venezuelan migration drove the development of multiple interagency initiatives (such as the R4V platform) as well as academic attempts to keep track of outflow intensity. However, little is known about the age and gender composition of the emigrants since most existing literature to date has focused primarily on total volume and country‐specific shares of migration outflows. This study examines the demographics of recent outflows from Venezuela, the chronology of associated changes, and the demographic implications for those remaining in the country. Official counts of Venezuelan‐born populations compiled in seven main destinations are used to estimate annual outflows by age and gender from 2011 to 2021. Changes in the demographic composition of emigration are traced using parameters of the Rogers–Castro model, specifically the children‐to‐labor force dominance, and by decomposing the age contributions to the annual gross migraproduction rate. In the early phase of the crisis (2014–2017), emigration flows had high child dependency ratios. As the crisis entered its most acute phase (peaking in 2019), the mean age of migrants increased. Outward migration has resulted in the current Venezuelan population having 20 percent fewer women of reproductive age and 17.8 percent fewer individuals of working age. Consequently, the share of the population aged 60 or older has increased.

中文翻译：

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委内瑞拉危机驱动的资金外流的人口统计


委内瑞拉的逃亡是拉丁美洲近代历史上已知的最大规模的人口流离失所事件。委内瑞拉大规模移民引发的区域危机推动了多项跨机构举措（例如 R4V 平台）的发展，以及追踪外流强度的学术尝试。然而，人们对移民的年龄和性别构成知之甚少，因为迄今为止大多数现有文献主要关注移民流出的总量和特定国家的份额。本研究考察了委内瑞拉近期外流的人口统计数据、相关变化的时间顺序，以及对留在该国的人口的人口影响。使用在七个主要目的地编制的委内瑞拉出生人口的官方统计数据来估计 2011 年至 2021 年按年龄和性别划分的年度流出量。使用罗杰斯-卡斯特罗模型的参数追踪移民人口构成的变化，特别是儿童到‐劳动力优势，并分解年龄对年度总移民生产率的贡献。在危机的早期阶段（2014-2017年），移民流动的儿童抚养比很高。随着危机进入最严重阶段（2019 年达到顶峰），移民的平均年龄有所增加。向外移民导致目前委内瑞拉人口中育龄妇女减少了 20%，工作年龄人口减少了 17.8%。因此，60 岁或以上的人口比例有所增加。