The dynamic interaction between granular flowing masses and rigid obstacles is a complex phenomenon characterised by both large displacements and high strain rates. In case the flowing mass is modelled as a continuum, its numerical simulation requires both advanced computational tools and constitutive relationships capable of predicting the mechanical behaviour of the same material under both fluid and solid regimes. In this paper, the authors employed the open‐source ANURA3D code, based on the Material Point Method (MPM), and a multi‐regime constitutive model. A series of impacts characterised by different velocities, initial void ratios, front inclinations and impacting mass lengths have been simulated. The MPM numerical results are critically compared with those obtained by using a Discrete Element Method (DEM) numerical code. The model capability of simulating material regime transitions, from fluid to solid and vice versa, is shown to be crucial for reproducing the mechanical response of the flowing mass put in evidence by DEM data.

中文翻译：

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干流物质高能量冲击期间颗粒材料状态转变：使用多状态本构模型进行 MPM 模拟


粒状流动物质与刚性障碍物之间的动态相互作用是一种复杂的现象，其特征是大位移和高应变率。如果将流动质量建模为连续体，则其数值模拟需要先进的计算工具和本构关系，能够预测同一材料在流体和固体状态下的机械行为。在本文中，作者采用了基于质点法 (MPM) 的开源 ANURA3D 代码和多态本构模型。模拟了一系列以不同速度、初始空隙比、前倾角和冲击质量长度为特征的冲击。 MPM 数值结果与使用离散元法 (DEM) 数值代码获得的结果进行了严格的比较。模拟材料状态转变（从流体到固体，反之亦然）的模型能力对于再现 DEM 数据所显示的流动质量的机械响应至关重要。