Understanding the patterns of marine microbial diversity (Bacteria + Archaea) is essential, as variations in their alpha‐ and beta‐diversities can affect ecological processes. Investigations of microbial diversity from global oceanographic expeditions and basin‐wide transects show positive correlations between microbial diversity and either temperature or productivity, but these studies rarely captured seasonality, especially in polar regions. Here, using multiannual alpha‐diversity data from eight time series in the northern and southern hemispheres, we show that marine microbial community richness and evenness generally correlate more strongly with daylength than with temperature or chlorophyll a (a proxy for photosynthetic biomass). This pattern is observable across time series found in the northern and southern hemispheres regardless of collection method, DNA extraction protocols, targeted 16S rRNA hypervariable region, sequencing technology, or bioinformatics pipeline.

中文翻译：

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世界海洋微生物多样性的季节性模式


了解海洋微生物多样性（细菌 + 古细菌）的模式至关重要，因为它们的 α 和 β 多样性的变化会影响生态过程。全球海洋探险和全盆地横断面的微生物多样性调查表明，微生物多样性与温度或生产力之间呈正相关，但这些研究很少捕捉到季节性，特别是在极地地区。在这里，我们利用北半球和南半球八个时间序列的多年α多样性数据表明，海洋微生物群落的丰富度和均匀度通常与日长的相关性比与温度或叶绿素a（光合生物量的代表）的相关性更强。无论采集方法、DNA 提取方案、目标 16S rRNA 高变区、测序技术或生物信息学流程如何，在北半球和南半球发现的时间序列中都可以观察到这种模式。