Basalt is a widely used raw material for tool manufacture at prehistoric sites, but a unified methodology for assessing how hominfins used basalt in prehistory is lacking. A comprehensive experimental investigation of basalt tools is, thus, necessary to establish a reliable methodological framework that can be used to explore the functional properties of archaeological basalt assemblages.

The aim of this study is to contribute to the development of a methodological framework for the analysis of use-wear on basalt tools. Basalt, characterised by its distinct mechanical and structural properties and unique response to mechanical stress, requires specialised treatment and investigation.

To address this, our basalt varieties were characterised using SEM–EDS analysis. Sequential experiments were conducted, using the experimental basalt tools in different activities, including butchery, hide, bone and woodworking to determine use-wear formation patterns. Subsequentially, various analytical tools, including optical and scanning electron microscopes, were used to analyse macro- and micro-wear traces on basalt.

Our results provide useful information on methodological aspects of use-wear formation on basalt. The inclusion of detailed cleaning and experimental protocols enhanced the robustness of our methodology. Furthermore, the combined utilisation of various microscopes enabled to compile a comprehensive and complementary information on such a complex raw material such as basalt and to characterise thoroughly the diagnostic features of the micro-wear traces (e.g. edge damage, rounding, polish).

玄武岩是史前遗址广泛使用的工具制造原材料，但缺乏评估史前古人类如何使用玄武岩的统一方法。因此，有必要对玄武岩工具进行全面的实验研究，以建立可靠的方法框架，用于探索考古玄武岩组合的功能特性。

本研究的目的是促进开发用于分析玄武岩工具使用磨损的方法框架。玄武岩的特点是其独特的机械和结构特性以及对机械应力的独特响应，需要专门的处理和研究。

为了解决这个问题，我们使用 SEM-EDS 分析对我们的玄武岩品种进行了表征。使用实验玄武岩工具进行了一系列实验，用于不同的活动，包括屠宰、皮革、骨头和木工，以确定使用磨损形成模式。随后，使用包括光学和扫描电子显微镜在内的各种分析工具来分析玄武岩上的宏观和微观磨损痕迹。

我们的结果为玄武岩使用磨损形成的方法学方面提供了有用的信息。详细的清洁和实验方案的纳入增强了我们方法的稳健性。此外，各种显微镜的结合使用能够对玄武岩等复杂原材料进行全面和补充的信息，并彻底表征微磨损痕迹的诊断特征（例如边缘损坏、倒圆、抛光）。