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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Plasma Antibody and Nucleocapsid Antigen Status Predict Outcomes in Outpatients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Clinical Infectious Diseases ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 , DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae324
Nikolaus Jilg 1 , Mark J Giganti 2 , Kara W Chew 3 , Katy Shaw-Saliba 4 , Justin Ritz 2 , Carlee Moser 2 , Teresa H Evering 5 , Eric S Daar 6 , Joseph J Eron 7 , Judith S Currier 3 , Michael D Hughes 2 , H Cliff Lane 4 , Robin Dewar 8 , Davey M Smith 9 , Jonathan Z Li 1
Affiliation  

Background Reliable biomarkers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes are critically needed. We evaluated associations of spike antibody (Ab) and plasma nucleocapsid antigen (N Ag) with clinical outcomes in nonhospitalized persons with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Methods Participants were nonhospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 enrolled in ACTIV-2 between January and July 2021 and randomized to placebo. We used quantitative assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike Ab and N Ag in blood and determined numbers of hospitalization/death events within 28 days and time to symptom improvement. Results Of 209 participants, 77 (37%) had quantifiable spike Ab and 139 (67%) quantifiable N Ag. Median age was 50 years; 111 (53%) were female, 182 (87%) White, and 105 (50%) Hispanic/Latino. Higher risk of hospitalization/death was seen with unquantifiable (22/132 [16.7%]) versus quantifiable (1/77 [1.3%]) spike Ab (risk ratio [RR], 12.83 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.76–93.34]) and quantifiable (22/139 [15.8%]) vs unquantifiable (1/70 [1.4%]) N Ag (RR, 11.08 [95% CI, 1.52–80.51]). Increasing risk of hospitalizations/deaths was seen with increasing N Ag levels. Time to symptom improvement was longer with unquantifiable versus quantifiable spike Ab (median, 14 [interquartile range {IQR}, 8 to >27] vs 8 [IQR, 4–22] days; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.66 [95% CI, .45–.96]) and with quantifiable versus unquantifiable N Ag (median, 12 [7 to >27] vs 10 [5–22] days; aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, .52–1.21]). Conclusions Absence of spike Ab and presence of plasma N Ag predicted hospitalization/death and delayed symptom improvement in COVID-19 outpatients.

中文翻译:


严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 血浆抗体和核衣壳抗原状态可预测 2019 冠状病毒病门诊患者的预后



背景 迫切需要 2019 冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 结果的可靠生物标志物。我们评估了刺突抗体 (Ab) 和血浆核衣壳抗原 (N Ag) 与轻中度 COVID-19 非住院患者临床结果的关联。方法 参与者是 2021 年 1 月至 7 月期间参加 ACTIV-2 的轻度至中度 COVID-19 非住院成人,并随机分配到安慰剂组。我们对血液中的严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 刺突抗体和 N Ag 进行了定量测定,并确定了 28 天内住院/死亡事件的数量和症状改善的时间。结果 在 209 名参与者中,77 名 (37%) 具有可量化的刺突抗体,139 名 (67%) 具有可量化的 N Ag。中位年龄为 50 岁;111 名 (53%) 女性,182 名 (87%) 白人和 105 名 (50%) 西班牙裔/拉丁裔。不可量化 (22/132 [16.7%]) 与可量化 (1/77 [1.3%]) 峰值抗体 (风险比 [RR],12.83 [95% 置信区间 {CI},1.76-93.34]) 和可量化 (22/139 [15.8%]) 与不可量化 (1/70 [1.4%]) N Ag (RR, 11.08 [95% CI, 1.52–80.51]) 相比,住院/死亡风险更高。随着 N Ag 水平的增加,住院/死亡的风险增加。与可量化的峰值抗体相比,症状改善的时间更长(中位数,14 [四分位距 {IQR},8 至 >27] vs 8 [IQR,4-22] 天;调整后风险比 [aHR],0.66 [95% CI,.45–.96]),以及可量化与不可量化的 N Ag(中位数,12 [7 至 >27] vs 10 [5–22] 天;aHR,0.79 [95% CI, .52–1.21]).结论 缺乏刺突抗体和血浆 N Ag 的存在可预测 COVID-19 门诊患者的住院/死亡和症状延迟改善。
更新日期:2024-07-17
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