Ultrashort polariton wave packets, such as terahertz graphene plasmon polaritons, could be used for fast information processing in integrated circuits. However, conventional optical techniques have struggled to integrate the components for controlling polariton signals and have a low conversion efficiency. Here, we show that graphene plasmon wave packets can be generated, manipulated and read out on-chip using terahertz electronics. Electrical pulses injected into a graphene microribbon through an ohmic contact can be efficiently converted into a plasmon wave packet with a pulse duration as short as 1.2 ps and a three-dimensional spatial confinement of 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁸ m³. The conversion efficiency between the electrical pulses and plasmon wave packets can also reach 35% due to the absence of a momentum mismatch. The transport properties of graphene plasmons are studied by changing the dielectric environments, which provides a basis for designing graphene plasmonic circuits.

超短极化子波包，例如太赫兹石墨烯等离子体极化子，可用于集成电路中的快速信息处理。然而，传统的光学技术难以集成控制极化子信号的组件，并且转换效率较低。在这里，我们展示了可以使用太赫兹电子器件在芯片上生成、操纵和读出石墨烯等离子体波包。通过欧姆接触注入石墨烯微带的电脉冲可以有效地转换为等离激元波包，脉冲持续时间短至1.2 ps，三维空间限制为2.1 × 10 ⁻¹⁸ m ³ 。由于不存在动量失配，电脉冲和等离激元波包之间的转换效率也可以达到35%。通过改变介电环境来研究石墨烯等离子体激元的输运特性，为设计石墨烯等离子体激元电路提供基础。