The safe production of rice is linked to a range of critical needs such as regional food supplies, people’s livelihoods, and human health. Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are two highly toxic elements, and As-Cd co-contamination in paddy soils is prevalent, posing significant food safety challenges. The biogeochemical contrasts of As and Cd complicate the management of their co-contamination in paddy soils. This review synthesized advances in understanding the distinct behaviors of As and Cd in rice paddies, along with synergistic strategies for reducing As and Cd bioavailability in the soil-rice system. The strategies included the use of synthetic soil amendments, optimizing water, fertilizer and cropping management practices, developing low As/Cd-accumulating rice cultivars through genome editing and mutation breeding, and combined measures. Finally, future research perspectives were provided to maintain sustainable rice production in As-Cd co-contaminated paddy soils. This review offers a comprehensive overview of both foundational insights into the behavior of As and Cd in paddy systems and practical applications for mitigating their co-contamination, ensuring safe rice production.

中文翻译：

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在As-Cd共同污染的水稻土中实现水稻安全生产：生物地球化学机制和修复策略


水稻安全生产关系到区域粮食供应、民生和人类健康等一系列关键需求。砷（As）和镉（Cd）是两种剧毒元素，稻田土壤中As-Cd复合污染现象普遍存在，对食品安全构成重大挑战。砷和镉的生物地球化学对比使得水稻土中它们的共同污染的管理变得复杂。这篇综述综合了了解稻田中砷和镉不同行为的进展，以及降低土壤-水稻系统中砷和镉生物有效性的协同策略。这些策略包括使用合成土壤改良剂、优化水、肥料和耕作管理实践、通过基因组编辑和突变育种开发低砷/镉积累的水稻品种以及综合措施。最后，提出了未来的研究前景，以维持砷镉共污染水稻土中水稻的可持续生产。这篇综述全面概述了水稻系统中砷和镉行为的基本见解以及减轻其共同污染、确保水稻安全生产的实际应用。