Sea turtles are a taxon of conservation concern and are highly migratory, exposing them to a variety of threats (e.g., fisheries bycatch, direct harvest) across their lifetime. Understanding the abundance of nesting females, hatchling production, and migratory movements - three of the most basic biological data needs for this species group - is imperative for population assessment. This study summarizes novel data most relevant to population assessments of the endangered central south Pacific (CSP) green turtle (Chelonia mydas) population, determined from annual rapid assessment surveys (mean survey duration=7.6 days year-1, n=61 survey days over 8 nesting seasons) and satellite telemetry at Rose Atoll, American Samoa, from 2012 to 2019. A minimum of 138 unique females nested in the Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (RANWR) over the study period with 218 total females observed. Satellite tracks of post-nesting females suggest Fiji (n=33/48, 70.2%) is the primary foraging ground for turtles nesting at RANWR, though other areas throughout the south Pacific Ocean are also important. Limited data suggest hatchling production was high (average hatching success=92.3%) and nest temperature data collected from 2017-2019 suggest primary sex ratios were likely balanced during this time. These are positive signs for the resilience of this nesting population, but climate change poses threats to RANWR and other low-lying tropical islands throughout the central south Pacific, as nesting areas are potentially exposed to beach erosion, tidal inundations, and increasing temperatures leading to sex bias and embryonic death.

中文翻译：

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美属萨摩亚玫瑰环礁筑巢绿海龟的数量、产量和迁徙，该环礁是中南太平洋区域重要的栖息地


海龟是受保护问题的一个分类群，并且具有高度洄游性，使它们在一生中面临各种威胁（例如渔业兼捕、直接收获）。了解筑巢雌性、幼体繁殖和迁徙运动的丰富程度（该物种组的三个最基本的生物数据需求）对于种群评估至关重要。本研究总结了与濒临灭绝的中南太平洋 (CSP) 绿海龟 (Chelonia mydas) 种群种群评估最相关的新数据，这些数据是根据年度快速评估调查确定的（平均调查持续时间 = 7.6 天，第一年，n = 61 个调查天） 2012 年至 2019 年，美属萨摩亚玫瑰环礁的 8 个筑巢季节）和卫星遥测。在研究期间，玫瑰环礁国家野生动物保护区 (RANWR) 至少有 138 只独特的雌性筑巢，总共观察到 218 只雌性。筑巢后雌性海龟的卫星轨迹表明，斐济（n=33/48，70.2%）是在 RANWR 筑巢的海龟的主要觅食地，尽管整个南太平洋的其他地区也很重要。有限的数据表明孵化率很高（平均孵化成功率 = 92.3%），2017-2019 年收集的巢温数据表明，在此期间主要性别比例可能是平衡的。这些都是这些筑巢种群恢复能力的积极迹象，但气候变化对 RANWR 和整个南太平洋中部其他低洼热带岛屿构成了威胁，因为筑巢区域可能会受到海滩侵蚀、潮汐淹没和气温升高的影响，从而导致性别偏见和胚胎死亡。