ImportanceComplex biological, socioeconomic, and psychological variables combine to cause mental illnesses, with mounting evidence that early-life experiences are associated with adulthood mental health.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether changing neighborhood income deprivation and residential moves during childhood are associated with the risk of receiving a diagnosis of depression in adulthood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included the whole population of 1 096 916 people born in Denmark from January 1, 1982, to December 31, 2003, who resided in the country during their first 15 years of life. Individuals were followed up from 15 years of age until either death, emigration, depression diagnosis, or December 31, 2018. Longitudinal data on residential location was obtained by linking all individuals to the Danish longitudinal population register. Statistical analysis was performed from June 2022 to January 2024.ExposuresExposures included a neighborhood income deprivation index at place of residence for each year from birth to 15 years of age and a mean income deprivation index for the entire childhood (aged ≤15 years). Residential moves were considered by defining “stayers” as individuals who lived in the same data zone during their entire childhood and “movers” as those who did not.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultilevel survival analysis determined associations between neighborhood-level income deprivation and depression incidence rates after adjustment for individual factors. Results were reported as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs). The hypotheses were formulated before data collection.ResultsA total of 1 096 916 individuals (563 864 male participants [51.4%]) were followed up from 15 years of age. During follow-up, 35 098 individuals (23 728 female participants [67.6%]) received a diagnosis of depression. People living in deprived areas during childhood had an increased risk of depression (IRR, 1.10 [95% CrI, 1.08-1.12]). After full individual-level adjustment, the risk was attenuated (IRR, 1.02 [95% CrI, 1.01-1.04]), indicating an increase of 2% in depression incidence for each 1-SD increase in income deprivation. Moving during childhood, independent of neighborhood deprivation status, was associated with significantly higher rates of depression in adulthood compared with not moving (IRR, 1.61 [95% CrI, 1.52-1.70] for 2 or more moves after full adjustment).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that, rather than just high or changing neighborhood income deprivation trajectories in childhood being associated with adulthood depression, a settled home environment in childhood may have a protective association against depression. Policies that enable and support settled childhoods should be promoted.

中文翻译：

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随着时间的推移，社区收入剥夺的变化、童年时期的搬家以及成年抑郁症的风险


重要性复杂的生物学、社会经济和心理变量结合起来会导致精神疾病，越来越多的证据表明早期生活经历与成年后的心理健康有关。目的评估儿童时期邻里收入剥夺的变化和居住搬迁是否与接受诊断的风险相关设计、背景和参与者这项队列研究包括 1 096 916 名出生于丹麦、从 1982 年 1 月 1 日到 2003 年 12 月 31 日的人口，他们在生命的头 15 年里居住在该国。对个体从 15 岁起进行随访，直至死亡、移民、抑郁症诊断或 2018 年 12 月 31 日。居住地点的纵向数据是通过将所有个体与丹麦纵向人口登记册联系起来获得的。统计分析时间为2022年6月至2024年1月。暴露暴露包括从出生到15岁每年的居住地邻里收入剥夺指数和整个童年时期（≤15岁）的平均收入剥夺指数。通过将“留守者”定义为整个童年时期都生活在同一数据区的个人，将“搬家者”定义为那些没有居住在同一数据区的人，来考虑住宅搬迁。主要结果和措施多层次生存分析确定了社区层面的收入剥夺与抑郁症发病率之间的关联调整个别因素后。结果报告为发病率比 (IRR)，可信区间为 95% (95% CrIs)。假设是在数据收集之前制定的。结果 共有 1 096 916 名受试者（563 864 名男性参与者 [51.4%]）从 15 岁起进行了随访。 在随访期间，35 098 人（23 728 名女性参与者 [67.6%]）被诊断为抑郁症。童年时期生活在贫困地区的人患抑郁症的风险增加（IRR，1.10 [95% CrI，1.08-1.12]）。经过全面的个人水平调整后，风险减弱（IRR，1.02 [95% CrI，1.01-1.04]），表明收入剥夺每增加 1-SD，抑郁症发病率就会增加 2%。与不搬家相比，童年时期搬家与成年后抑郁症发病率显着升高相关，与邻里剥夺状况无关（完全调整后 2 次或以上搬家，IRR，1.61 [95% CrI，1.52-1.70]）。 结论和相关性研究表明，童年时期稳定的家庭环境可能对预防抑郁症具有保护作用，而不仅仅是童年时期高收入或不断变化的邻里收入剥夺轨迹与成年抑郁症相关。应推行促进和支持安定童年的政策。