Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) is capable of efficiently capturing mechanical energy and transforming it into electrical energy for self-powered systems, making it an ideal power source for Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC). Herein, a Self-powered Intelligent Liquid Crystal Attenuator (SPILCA) is demonstrated for metasurface real-time modulating. The convergent beam-shaping metasurface consisting of holey meta-atoms with diameters ranging from 100 nm to 300 nm is fabricated by e-beam lithography (EBL). While the unique optical characteristics of the metasurface can be modulated within a certain frequency range, the E7 Liquid Crystal (E7-LC) has a large index of birefringence, and it can be powered by TENG to switch between two optical response states. Therefore, the combination of metasurface and SPILCA can achieve real-time control of metasurface by using the electricity regulatory of LC and the electromagnetic response of the metasurface. In order to build this SPILCA for metasurface modulating, a vertically contact-separated TENG based on Nylon electrospun film as triboelectric material is proposed. The maximum values of the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, transferred charge are 165 V, 25 µA, and 86 nC, respectively. By measuring the optical power and testing the modulation effect of SPILCA on the metasurface, it can be seen that the SPILCA has a good modulation effect on the optical signal, and even can reach 96 % intensity modulation when the laser source wavelength is 450 nm and the current is 0.09 A. This self-powered photoelectric response device does not require additional electrical power supply, and has great potential in future smart optical system design.

中文翻译：

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用于超表面实时调制的自供电智能液晶衰减器


摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）能够有效地捕获机械能并将其转化为电能用于自供电系统，使其成为聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）的理想电源。本文展示了一种用于超表面实时调制的自供电智能液晶衰减器（SPILCA）。由直径范围为 100 nm 至 300 nm 的多孔超原子组成的会聚光束整形超表面是通过电子束光刻 (EBL) 制造的。虽然超表面独特的光学特性可以在一定的频率范围内进行调制，但E7液晶（E7-LC）具有较大的双折射率，并且可以由TENG供电以在两种光学响应状态之间切换。因此，超表面与SPILCA的结合可以利用LC的电调节和超表面的电磁响应来实现对超表面的实时控制。为了构建用于超表面调制的 SPILCA，提出了一种基于尼龙电纺薄膜作为摩擦电材料的垂直接触分离 TENG。开路电压、短路电流和转移电荷的最大值分别为 165 V、25 µA 和 86 nC。通过测量光功率并测试SPILCA对超表面的调制效果，可以看出SPILCA对光信号具有良好的调制效果，在激光源波长为450 nm时甚至可以达到96%的强度调制，电流为0.09A。这种自供电光电响应器件不需要额外的电源，在未来智能光学系统设计中具有巨大的潜力。