Droplet vibration nanogenerator is a promising technology that can transform kinetic energy into electric energy. In this paper, a vibration droplet nanogenerator based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) (PZT-VDNG) is proposed, which utilizes the change in double electron layer area at the droplet/PZT interface, hence an extraordinary charge variation, induced by mechanical vibrations. Our approach innovatively combines a high fixed surface charge density with ionic solutions to significantly enhance energy conversion efficiency. A theoretical model of the PZT-VDNG is established, showing excellent consistence with the experimental results. The energy conversion efficiency and its correlation with the materials involved, device structure and circuits used, are investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions of a vibration frequency of 5 Hz, an amplitude of 2 mm, and a droplet size of 40 μL, a short-circuit current output of 31.43 μA and an open-circuit voltage of 1.5 V are obtained by a single vibration of a droplet, respectively, 111 and 37.5 times larger as compared to those from a VDNG with PTFE polymer layer. This marks a significant leap in the efficiency and potential applications of vibration nanogenerators.

中文翻译：

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高密度铁电荷使液滴振动纳米发电机具有非凡的输出


液滴振动纳米发电机是一项很有前景的技术，可以将动能转化为电能。本文提出了一种基于锆钛酸铅（PZT）（PZT-VDNG）的振动液滴纳米发电机，它利用液滴/PZT界面双电子层面积的变化，从而产生由机械振动引起的异常电荷变化。我们的方法创新地将高固定表面电荷密度与离子解决方案结合起来，显着提高能量转换效率。建立了PZT-VDNG的理论模型，与实验结果具有良好的一致性。详细研究了能量转换效率及其与所用材料、器件结构和电路的相关性。在振动频率5 Hz、振幅2 mm、液滴尺寸40 μL的最佳条件下，单次振动获得短路电流输出31.43 μA、开路电压1.5 V与具有 PTFE 聚合物层的 VDNG 相比，液滴的尺寸分别大 111 倍和 37.5 倍。这标志着振动纳米发电机的效率和潜在应用的重大飞跃。