Copper nanowires (CuNWs) have shown great potential as transparent electrodes for cost-effective wearable electronics. However, its unsatisfactory electrical conductivity and intrinsic susceptibility to oxidation hinder practical applications. To address these issues, herein, ultra-stable Cu@Ag core–shell NWs have been designed via a facile galvanic replacement method for wearable applications. The thermal stability of the NWs is significantly enhanced after introducing Ag, and superior stability is achieved with a more uniform Ag coating. The structural integrity of the percolation networks is basically maintained after 5 days’ annealing treatment at a high temperature (≥150 °C). The devices based on core–shell NWs show reliable heating performance, and can further be used for defrosting and heating water/ice applications. Owing to optimized contact between Ag-coated NWs, the devices exhibit excellent mechanical performance under repetitive bending. Based on above structural design, the resultant strain sensors show high sensitivity, good repeatability and a wide sensing range, which are capable to detect various hand gestures and communicate with Morse code. Furthermore, the fabricated core–shell NWs show robust antibacterial activity, which is essential for wearable healthcare applications, outperforming that of pristine CuNWs. This work provides a promising way for the design of high-performance metal NWs for advanced wearable electronics.

中文翻译：

---

用于可穿戴电子应用的稳健 Cu@Ag 核壳纳米线的合理设计


铜纳米线 (CuNW) 作为具有成本效益的可穿戴电子产品的透明电极显示出巨大的潜力。然而，其不令人满意的导电性和固有的氧化敏感性阻碍了实际应用。为了解决这些问题，本文通过一种简单的电流替代方法设计了超稳定的 Cu@Ag 核壳纳米线，用于可穿戴应用。引入Ag后，纳米线的热稳定性显着增强，并且通过更均匀的Ag涂层实现了优异的稳定性。经过5天的高温（≥150℃）退火处理后，渗流网络的结构完整性基本保持。基于核壳纳米线的器件表现出可靠的加热性能，可进一步用于除霜和加热水/冰应用。由于镀银纳米线之间的接触得到优化，该器件在重复弯曲下表现出优异的机械性能。基于上述结构设计，所得应变传感器具有高灵敏度、良好的重复性和较宽的传感范围，能够检测各种手势并与摩尔斯电码进行通信。此外，制造的核壳纳米线表现出强大的抗菌活性，这对于可穿戴医疗保健应用至关重要，优于原始的铜纳米线。这项工作为先进可穿戴电子产品的高性能金属纳米线的设计提供了一种有前景的方法。