The neomycin fermentation residues (NFR) are a solid waste during neomycin production, possessing high recycling value due to their rich organic content. However, the environmentally friendly use of NFR was hindered by its rigid matrix structure and residual neomycin. In this study, the effect of temperature on the structure and bioresource properties of NFR were investigated. Meanwhile, the effect of temperature on the degradation of residual neomycin, the toxicity of neomycin degradation products, and the safety of NFR were assessed. The results indicated that the content of soluble organic matter was increased by appropriate temperature treatment through the disruption of the rigid matrix structure of the NFR. However, excessively high temperatures led to the mineralization of organic matter. Simultaneously, appropriate temperature facilitated the transformation of organic substances to humic-like acids. The neomycin in NFR was effectively degraded with the increasing temperature, and the degradation efficiency exceeded 99 % under 220 °C for 120 min. In addition, the applicability of using appropriate temperatures to degrade antibiotics in similar other AFR has been demonstrated. Neomycin degradation occurred primarily through the cleavage of the glycosidic bond and ring ether, the detachment of the amino group, and the addition of hydroxyl groups. Meanwhile, the developmental toxicity and acute toxicity of neomycin were effectively mitigated by the appropriate temperature, and a significant reduction in ecotoxicity was observed. As a result, optimum temperature treatment proved to be an efficient method for the secure recycling of NFR.

中文翻译：

---

最佳温度高效安全回收新霉素发酵残渣：养分释放、新霉素降解及安全性评价


新霉素发酵残渣（NFR）是新霉素生产过程中产生的固体废物，其有机物含量丰富，具有很高的回收利用价值。然而，NFR的刚性基质结构和残留的新霉素阻碍了其环保使用。在这项研究中，研究了温度对NFR结构和生物资源特性的影响。同时评估了温度对残留新霉素降解的影响、新霉素降解产物的毒性以及NFR的安全性。结果表明，适当的温度处理通过破坏NFR的刚性基质结构来增加可溶性有机物的含量。然而，过高的温度导致有机物矿化。同时，适当的温度有利于有机物向类腐殖酸的转化。 NFR中的新霉素随着温度的升高被有效降解，220℃、120min降解效率超过99%。此外，在类似的其他 AFR 中使用适当的温度降解抗生素的适用性已得到证明。新霉素的降解主要通过糖苷键和环醚的断裂、氨基的脱离以及羟基的加成而发生。同时，适当的温度可有效缓解新霉素的发育毒性和急性毒性，生态毒性显着降低。结果证明，最佳温度处理是安全回收 NFR 的有效方法。