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Advancing Organizational Science With Computational Process Theories
The Leadership Quarterly ( IF 9.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-31 , DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101797
Goran Kuljanin , Michael T. Braun , James A. Grand , Jeffrey D. Olenick , Georgia T. Chao , Steve W.J. Kozlowski

Organizational scholars commonly refer to organizations as complex systems unfolding as a function of work processes. Consequently, the direct study of work processes necessitates our attention. However, organizational scholars tend not to study work processes directly. Instead, organizational scholars commonly develop theories about relationships among psychological construct phenomena that indirectly reference people’s affective, behavioral, cognitive, and/or social processes as underlying explanations. Specifically, construct-oriented theories summarize processes in operation across actors, time, and contexts, and thus, provide limited insights into how focal phenomena manifest directly as a function of process operations. Construct theories remain one-step removed from articulating sequences of actions and two-steps removed from describing generative mechanisms responsible for observed actions. By “missing the action,” construct theories offer incomplete explanatory accounts and imprecise interventions. We assert that researchers in organizational science can make progress towards addressing these concerns by directing greater attention to developing computational process theories. We begin by presenting a framework for differentiating theories based on their focus (constructs versus processes) and modality (narrative versus computational). We use the framework to contrast narrative construct theories to computational process theories. We then describe key design principles for developing computational process theories and explain those principles using a leadership example. We use simulated data, from the computational process model we develop, to explicitly demonstrate the differences between construct and process thinking. We then discuss how computational process theories advance theory development. We conclude with a discussion of the long-term benefits of computational process theories for organizational science.

中文翻译:


用计算过程理论推进组织科学



组织学者通常将组织称为作为工作流程功能而展开的复杂系统。因此,对工作流程的直接研究需要我们的关注。然而,组织学者往往不直接研究工作流程。相反,组织学者通常发展关于心理建构现象之间关系的理论,间接引用人们的情感、行为、认知和/或社会过程作为潜在的解释。具体来说,面向构造的理论总结了跨参与者、时间和背景的操作过程,因此,对焦点现象如何直接表现为过程操作的函数提供了有限的见解。建构理论仍然一步远离阐明行动序列,两步远离描述负责观察到的行动的生成机制。由于“错过了行动”,建构理论提供了不完整的解释说明和不精确的干预措施。我们断言,组织科学领域的研究人员可以通过更多地关注发展计算过程理论来在解决这些问题方面取得进展。我们首先提出一个框架,用于根据焦点(结构与过程)和模式(叙述与计算)区分理论。我们使用该框架将叙事建构理论与计算过程理论进行对比。然后,我们描述开发计算过程理论的关键设计原则,并使用领导力示例解释这些原则。我们使用来自我们开发的计算过程模型的模拟数据来明确展示构造思维和过程思维之间的差异。 然后我们讨论计算过程理论如何促进理论发展。最后,我们讨论了计算过程理论对组织科学的长期好处。
更新日期:2024-05-31
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