Multiple professional societies recommend the Mediterranean and/or Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary patterns in their cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines because these diets can improve cardiometabolic health and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Furthermore, low sodium intake can be particularly beneficial for patients with hypertension. Carbohydrate restriction, with an emphasis on including high-quality carbohydrates and limiting refined starches and foods and beverages with added sugars, can promote weight loss and cardiometabolic benefits in the short term, compared with higher carbohydrate intake. Evidence is lacking for sustained, long-term effects of low carbohydrate and very low carbohydrate intake on cardiometabolic risk and cardiovascular outcomes. Time-restricted eating, in the context of an overall healthy dietary pattern, can promote cardiometabolic health by aligning food intake with the circadian rhythm, although its effect on hard clinical outcomes remains to be proven. Although there is no one dietary pattern that is appropriate for all patients, engaging in shared decision-making with patients, utilizing behaviour-change principles and engaging members of the health-care team, such as registered dietitian nutritionists, can lead to substantial improvement in the lifestyle and overall health trajectory of a patient. Emphasizing the similarities, rather than differences, of recommended dietary patterns, which include an emphasis on vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains and minimally processed protein foods, such as fatty fish or plant-based proteins, can simplify the process for both patients and clinicians alike.

多个专业协会在其心血管疾病预防指南中推荐地中海和/或高血压饮食模式，因为这些饮食可以改善心脏代谢健康并降低心血管事件的风险。此外，低钠摄入量对高血压患者特别有益。与较高的碳水化合物摄入量相比，碳水化合物限制，重点是优质碳水化合物的摄入，以及限制精制淀粉和添加糖的食品和饮料，可以在短期内促进体重减轻和心脏代谢益处。缺乏证据表明低碳水化合物和极低碳水化合物摄入量对心脏代谢风险和心血管结局有持续、长期的影响。在整体健康饮食模式的背景下，限时饮食可以通过使食物摄入量与昼夜节律保持一致来促进心脏代谢健康，尽管其对硬临床结果的影响仍有待证明。尽管没有一种饮食模式适合所有患者，但与患者共同决策、利用行为改变原则以及医疗团队成员（例如注册营养师营养师）的参与，可以显着改善患者的饮食习惯。患者的生活方式和整体健康轨迹。强调推荐饮食模式的相似之处而不是差异，包括强调蔬菜、水果、豆类、坚果、全谷物和最低限度加工的蛋白质食品，如多脂鱼或植物蛋白，可以简化两者的过程患者和临床医生都一样。