Exposure to toxic substances, introduced into our daily lives during industrialization and modernization, can disrupt the epithelial barriers in the skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, leading to microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. Athletes and physically active individuals are at increased risk of exposure to agents that damage the epithelial barriers and microbiome, and their extreme physical exercise exerts stress on many organs, resulting in tissue damage and inflammation. Epithelial barrier‐damaging substances include surfactants and enzymes in cleaning products, laundry and dishwasher detergents, chlorine in swimming pools, microplastics, air pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter, and diesel exhaust. Athletes' high‐calorie diet often relies on processed foods that may contain food emulsifiers and other additives that may cause epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis. The type of the material used in the sport equipment and clothing and their extensive exposure may increase the inflammatory effects. Excessive travel‐related stress, sleep disturbances and different food and microbe exposure may represent additional factors. Here, we review the detrimental impact of toxic agents on epithelial barriers and microbiome; bring a new perspective on the factors affecting the health and performance of athletes and physically active individuals.

中文翻译：

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运动员营养和环境暴露背景下的上皮屏障理论


接触在工业化和现代化过程中进入我们日常生活的有毒物质会破坏皮肤、呼吸和胃肠系统的上皮屏障，导致微生物失调和炎症。运动员和体力活跃的人暴露于损害上皮屏障和微生物组的物质的风险增加，他们的极端体育锻炼会对许多器官施加压力，导致组织损伤和炎症。破坏上皮屏障的物质包括清洁产品、洗衣和洗碗机清洁剂中的表面活性剂和酶、游泳池中的氯、微塑料、臭氧、颗粒物和柴油机尾气等空气污染物。运动员的高热量饮食通常依赖于加工食品，这些食品可能含有食品乳化剂和其他可能导致上皮屏障功能障碍和微生物失调的添加剂。运动器材和服装中使用的材料类型及其广泛接触可能会增加炎症效应。与旅行相关的过度压力、睡眠障碍以及不同的食物和微生物暴露可能是其他因素。在这里，我们回顾了有毒物质对上皮屏障和微生物组的有害影响；为影响运动员和体育锻炼者的健康和表现的因素带来新的视角。