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Borrowing Hydrogen Mechanism in Amine Alkylation by Single Atom Nickel Catalysts
ACS Catalysis ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 , DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02182
Aurore E. F. Denjean 1 , Ainara Nova 2 , David Balcells 1
Affiliation  

The alkylation of amines with alcohols by borrowing hydrogen (BH) is a versatile synthetic route to various relevant compounds, including drugs and agrochemicals. The atom economy of this reaction, with water as the sole byproduct, entails a complex mechanism in which alcohol activation can follow multiple competing pathways. The interest in single atom catalysts (SACs) combining the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems motivated this computational study on BH catalyzed by nickel SACs. We found that the oxidation, charge, and spin states of the system, as well as the geometry of the support, all have a strong influence on the BH mechanism. The pyrrolic support was the most reactive in a dicationic state with nearly degenerate singlet and triplet configurations. The free energy of the catalyst hydrogenation by H2 was strongly correlated to its reactivity, thus being a useful descriptor. Further, the mechanism followed an unusual reaction pathway in which the support takes and delivers the H equivalents, with the metal playing a spectator role. This study provides useful insights for the further development of BH SACs.

中文翻译:


单原子镍催化剂胺烷基化的借氢机理



通过借氢 (BH) 将胺与醇进行烷基化是合成各种相关化合物(包括药物和农用化学品)的通用合成途径。该反应的原子经济性(水作为唯一的副产物)需要一个复杂的机制,其中醇的活化可以遵循多种竞争途径。对结合均相和非均相系统优点的单原子催化剂 (SAC) 的兴趣激发了对镍 SAC 催化的 BH 的计算研究。我们发现系统的氧化态、电荷态和自旋态以及载体的几何形状都对 BH 机制有很大的影响。吡咯载体在双态下反应性最强,具有近简并的单线态和三线态构型。 H 2催化剂氢化的自由能与其反应性密切相关,因此是一个有用的描述符。此外,该机制遵循一种不寻常的反应途径,其中载体吸收并传递H当量,而金属则扮演旁观者的角色。这项研究为 BH SAC 的进一步发展提供了有用的见解。
更新日期:2024-07-15
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