In recent years, carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) have been widely used across various fields due to the benefit of optimizing their physicochemical properties via composite formation with diverse materials, leveraging their unique structures and properties. Among the different CBNs, carbon dots (CDs) have garnered increased attention owing to their exceptional optical properties, good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and safety. In biomedicine, CDs have made significant contributions, particularly in disease diagnosis, treatment, and antibacterial applications. However, with the evolving challenges in medicine, CDs alone may not be sufficient for biomedical applications. To address this, researchers have enhanced the biomedical potential of CDs through their hybridization with other substances, forming complex structures. In this review, we will focus on the hybridization of CDs in combination with various types of substances. We aim to investigate the optimized properties of hybridized CD mixtures and compare their applications in biomedical fields with the singular use of CDs before hybridization, especially the exploration of carbon-dot hybrids (CDHs) in disease treatment. We summarize the advantages and challenges of CDHs in the biomedical field and discuss the potential of CDs in the future development of clinical medicine.

中文翻译：

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碳点纳米技术及其混合物在生物医学应用中的应用：综述


近年来，碳基纳米材料（CBN）因其独特的结构和性能，通过与多种材料形成复合材料来优化其物理化学性能，已被广泛应用于各个领域。在不同的立方氮化硼中，碳点（CD）由于其优异的光学性能、良好的生物相容性、无毒和安全性而受到越来越多的关注。在生物医学领域，CDs做出了重大贡献，特别是在疾病诊断、治疗和抗菌应用方面。然而，随着医学领域不断变化的挑战，仅 CD 可能不足以满足生物医学应用。为了解决这个问题，研究人员通过与其他物质杂交形成复杂的结构，增强了 CD 的生物医学潜力。在本次综述中，我们将重点关注 CD 与各种类型物质的杂交。我们的目的是研究杂交CD混合物的优化特性，并将其在生物医学领域的应用与杂交前单独使用CD进行比较，特别是碳点杂化物（CDH）在疾病治疗中的探索。我们总结了CDH在生物医学领域的优势和挑战，并讨论了CD在未来临床医学发展中的潜力。