Area-based management tools (ABMTs), including marine protected areas (MPAs) are often static and fail to reflect the dynamic realities of marine ecosystems. Marine ecosystems are characterized by their embodiment of constant change, which is further amplified by anthropogenic stressors, particularly climate change. ABMTs and MPAs are, however, premised on an implicit assumption of environmental equilibrium as their boundaries and management framework are often fixed and difficult to adjust. This article seeks to lay bare the tension between static conservation strategies and the deeply and inherently dynamic nature of marine ecosystems. It further seeks to advance the notion of dynamic ABMTs, proposing an integrated conceptualization of ABMT governance, one that is more apt to respond to the type of challenges that the dynamism of complex marine ecosystems presents. Dynamism, in this context, is broadly construed as encompassing three dimensions: spatial, with fluid and adjustable conservation measures; normative, denoting a volatile and adaptive management framework that utilizes ecological and management thresholds as an initiator for adaptive, timely, and prospective approaches to enhance management outcomes; and institutional, i.e., sufficiently flexible and dynamic institutional machinery overseeing ABMT implementation. Following a comprehensive conceptualization of dynamic ABMTs, the article addresses the question whether the legal frameworks governing the ocean can sustain such a dynamic mode of ocean governance.

中文翻译：

---

超越均衡思维：不断变化的海洋中基于区域的动态管理工具


包括海洋保护区（MPA）在内的区域管理工具（ABMT）通常是静态的，无法反映海洋生态系统的动态现实。海洋生态系统的特点是不断变化，而人为压力因素，特别是气候变化，进一步加剧了这种变化。然而，ABMT 和 MPA 的前提是隐含的环境平衡假设，因为它们的边界和管理框架往往是固定的且难以调整。本文旨在揭示静态保护策略与海洋生态系统深层和固有的动态性质之间的紧张关系。它进一步寻求推进动态 ABMT 的概念，提出 ABMT 治理的综合概念，这种概念更适合应对复杂海洋生态系统的活力所带来的挑战。在这种情况下，动态被广泛地解释为包含三个维度：空间，具有流动性和可调整的保护措施；规范性，表示一个不稳定和适应性的管理框架，利用生态和管理阈值作为适应性、及时和前瞻性方法的发起者，以提高管理成果；和机构，即监督 ABMT 实施的足够灵活和动态的机构机制。在对动态 ABMT 进行全面概念化之后，本文讨论了海洋治理的法律框架是否能够维持这种动态海洋治理模式的问题。