This paper presents a novel approach to optical communication systems by introducing a hybrid MGDM–FSO (Mode Group Diversity Multiplexing—Free Space Optical) system. The primary objective of this innovative system is to address the limitations of traditional communication systems, particularly in challenging environmental conditions. By combining the advantages of MGDM, which enhances transmission capacity in optical fibers, with the flexibility and high data rates offered by FSO technology, the hybrid MGDM–FSO system aims to overcome obstacles encountered during data transmission. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of the proposed system's architecture and performance characteristics under various operating conditions. Specifically, we investigate both single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configurations of the MGDM–FSO system. Performance metrics such as received power levels, bit error rate (BER), and quality factor (Q-factor) are evaluated to assess the system's efficiency across different weather conditions. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the system's performance under a range of scenarios. Our findings indicate that under clear weather conditions, both SISO and MIMO configurations exhibit optimal performance, characterized by high Q-factor and low BER. However, as weather conditions deteriorate to heavy rain and heavy fog, the Q-factor of the received signal decreases, highlighting the impact of environmental factors on system performance. This study contributes valuable insights into the behavior of hybrid MGDM–FSO systems and emphasizes the importance of robust communication techniques to mitigate environmental challenges. The findings presented here have implications for the design and implementation of optical communication systems in real-world scenarios.

本文通过引入混合 MGDM-FSO（模式组分集复用 - 自由空间光学）系统，提出了一种新的光通信系统方法。这一创新系统的主要目标是解决传统通信系统的局限性，特别是在具有挑战性的环境条件下。混合MGDM-FSO系统将MGDM增强光纤传输容量的优点与FSO技术提供的灵活性和高数据速率相结合，旨在克服数据传输过程中遇到的障碍。在本研究中，我们对所提出的系统的架构和各种操作条件下的性能特征进行了详细分析。具体来说，我们研究了 MGDM-FSO 系统的单输入单输出 (SISO) 和多输入多输出 (MIMO) 配置。评估接收功率水平、误码率 (BER) 和品质因数 (Q 因数) 等性能指标，以评估系统在不同天气条件下的效率。进行数值模拟来分析系统在各种场景下的性能。我们的研究结果表明，在晴朗的天气条件下，SISO 和 MIMO 配置均表现出最佳性能，其特点是高 Q 因子和低 BER。然而，随着天气条件恶化，如大雨和大雾，接收信号的品质因数下降，凸显了环境因素对系统性能的影响。这项研究为混合 MGDM-FSO 系统的行为提供了宝贵的见解，并强调了强大的通信技术对于缓解环境挑战的重要性。 这里提出的研究结果对现实场景中光通信系统的设计和实施具有影响。