Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary bone malignancies, mainly occurring in children and adolescents. Traditional diagnosis imaging methods for osteosarcoma contain X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and traditional therapy protocols are surgical resection and chemotherapy. However, these strategies are complicated and separated. These imaging methods, despite their maturity, have drawbacks that prevent them from showing more details. What is more, the prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma remains unsatisfactory due to side effects of chemotherapy, as well as incomplete surgical removal of the tumor. To compensate for the shortcomings of traditional imaging and treatment strategies for osteosarcoma, various types of nanoparticles have been designed and synthesized to selectively target osteosarcoma cells without toxic side effects on healthy organs. At the same time, these nanoparticle-based technologies can integrate the imaging and treatment of osteosarcoma. This review summarizes the application of nanotechnology in the imaging and treatment of osteosarcoma in recent years, and finally discusses the challenges and development prospects, aiming to provide ideas for future research.

骨肉瘤是最常见的原发性骨恶性肿瘤之一，主要发生于儿童和青少年。骨肉瘤的传统诊断影像方法包括X射线、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像，传统的治疗方案是手术切除和化疗。然而，这些策略是复杂且相互独立的。这些成像方法尽管很成熟，但也有缺点，无法显示更多细节。更重要的是，由于化疗的副作用以及肿瘤手术切除不彻底，骨肉瘤患者的预后仍然不理想。为了弥补骨肉瘤传统成像和治疗策略的缺点，人们设计并合成了各种类型的纳米粒子，以选择性地靶向骨肉瘤细胞，而不会对健康器官产生毒副作用。同时，这些基于纳米颗粒的技术可以整合骨肉瘤的成像和治疗。本文综述了近年来纳米技术在骨肉瘤成像和治疗中的应用，最后讨论了纳米技术面临的挑战和发展前景，旨在为未来的研究提供思路。