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Absolute values of regional ventilation-perfusion mismatch in patients with ARDS monitored by electrical impedance tomography and the role of dead space and shunt compensation
Critical Care ( IF 8.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 , DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-05033-8
Marco Leali 1 , Ines Marongiu 2 , Elena Spinelli 2 , Valentina Chiavieri 1 , Joaquin Perez 2 , Mauro Panigada 1, 2 , Giacomo Grasselli 1, 2 , Tommaso Mauri 1, 2
Affiliation  

Assessment of regional ventilation/perfusion (V′/Q) mismatch using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) represents a promising advancement for personalized management of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, accuracy is still hindered by the need for invasive monitoring to calibrate ventilation and perfusion. Here, we propose a non-invasive correction that uses only EIT data and characterized patients with more pronounced compensation of V′/Q mismatch. We enrolled twenty-one ARDS patients on controlled mechanical ventilation. Cardiac output was measured invasively, and ventilation and perfusion were assessed by EIT. Relative V′/Q maps by EIT were calibrated to absolute values using the minute ventilation to invasive cardiac output (MV/CO) ratio (V′/Q-ABS), left unadjusted (V′/Q-REL), or corrected by MV/CO ratio derived from EIT data (V′/Q-CORR). The ratio between ventilation to dependent regions and perfusion reaching shunted units ( $${\text{V}}_{{\text{D}}}^{\prime }$$ /QSHUNT) was calculated as an index of more effective hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The ratio between perfusion to non-dependent regions and ventilation to dead space units (QND/ $${\text{V}}_{{{\text{DS}}}}^{\prime }$$ ) was calculated as an index of hypocapnic pneumoconstriction. Our calibration factor correlated with invasive MV/CO (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), showed good accuracy and no apparent bias. Compared to V′/Q-ABS, V′/Q-REL maps overestimated ventilation (p = 0.013) and perfusion (p = 0.002) to low V′/Q units and underestimated ventilation (p = 0.011) and perfusion (p = 0.008) to high V′/Q units. The heterogeneity of ventilation and perfusion reaching different V′/Q compartments was underestimated. V′/Q-CORR maps eliminated all these differences with V′/Q-ABS (p > 0.05). Higher $$V_{D}^{\prime } /Q_{SHUNT}$$ correlated with higher PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0.49, p = 0.025) and lower shunt fraction (ρ = − 0.59, p = 0.005). Higher $$Q_{ND} /V_{DS}^{\prime }$$ correlated with lower PEEP (ρ = − 0.62, p = 0.003) and plateau pressure (ρ = − 0.59, p = 0.005). Lower values of both indexes were associated with less ventilator-free days (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). Regional V′/Q maps calibrated with a non-invasive EIT-only method closely approximate the ones obtained with invasive monitoring. Higher efficiency of shunt compensation improves oxygenation while compensation of dead space is less needed at lower airway pressure. Patients with more effective compensation mechanisms could have better outcomes.

中文翻译:


电阻抗断层扫描监测的 ARDS 患者区域通气-灌注失配的绝对值以及死腔和分流补偿的作用



使用电阻抗断层扫描 (EIT) 评估区域通气/灌注 (V′/Q) 不匹配代表了急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS) 个性化管理的有前途的进展。然而,由于需要有创监测来校准通气和灌注,准确性仍然受到阻碍。在这里,我们提出了一种仅使用 EIT 数据的无创校正,并表征了 V'/Q 错配补偿更明显的患者。我们招募了 21 例接受受控机械通气的 ARDS 患者。有创测量心输出量,并通过 EIT 评估通气和灌注。使用分钟通气量与有创心输出量 (MV/CO) 比 (V'/Q-ABS) 校准 EIT 的相对 V'/Q 图为绝对值,未调整 (V'/Q-REL),或通过来自 EIT 数据的 MV/CO 比值 (V'/Q-CORR) 进行校正。从属区通气与达到分流单位的灌注之间的比率 ( $${\text{V}}_{{\text{D}}}^{\prime }$$ /QSHUNT) 被计算为更有效的低氧肺血管收缩的指数。灌注到非依赖区域和通气到死腔单位之间的比率 (QND/ $${\text{V}}_{{{\text{DS}}}}^{\prime }$$ ) 计算为低碳酸血症性气肿的指数。我们的校准因子与侵入性 MV/CO 相关 (r = 0.65,p < 0.001),显示出良好的准确性,没有明显的偏差。与 V'/Q-ABS 相比,V'/Q-REL 将高估的通气量 (p = 0.013) 和灌注 (p = 0.002) 映射到低 V'/Q 单位,而低估通气量 (p = 0.011) 和灌注 (p = 0.008) 映射到高 V'/Q 单位。到达不同 V′/Q 隔室的通气和灌注的异质性被低估了。V'/Q-CORR 图消除了 V'/Q-ABS 的所有这些差异 (p > 0.05). 较高的 $$V_{D}^{\prime } /Q_{SHUNT}$$ 与较高的 PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0.49, p = 0.025) 和较低的分流分数 (ρ = − 0.59, p = 0.005) 相关。较高的 $$Q_{ND} /V_{DS}^{\prime }$$ 与较低的 PEEP (ρ = − 0.62, p = 0.003) 和高原压力 (ρ = − 0.59, p = 0.005) 相关。两个指标的较低值与较短的无呼吸机天数相关 (分别为 p = 0.05 和 p = 0.03)。使用仅非侵入性 EIT 方法校准的区域 V'/Q 图与通过侵入性监测获得的图非常相似。分流补偿效率更高,可改善氧合,而在较低气道压力下,不需要补偿死腔。具有更有效补偿机制的患者可能会有更好的结果。
更新日期:2024-07-15
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