Adolescence is a time when important decisions about the future are made and vulnerability to mental health problems increases. We reviewed longitudinal studies examining the reciprocal pathways between future-related thinking (hopelessness, hope, optimism/positive future expectations) and adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms. Evidence from 22 studies ( = 10,682) found that negative future-related thinking predicted subsequent depression ( = 0.27, < .001), an effect still significant after controlling for baseline depression ( = 0.23, < .001). Higher hopelessness ( = 0.34, < .001), lower hope ( = 0.16, < .001), and reduced optimism/positive future expectations ( = 0.18, < .001) were associated with subsequently increased depressive symptoms. Negative future-related thinking also predicted later increased anxiety symptoms ( = 0.15, = .021). Concerning the reciprocal pathway, depressive symptoms were associated with later negative future-related thinking ( = 0.32, < .001), which remained after baseline levels of future-related thinking were controlled ( = 0.07, = .02). There were insufficient studies to infer reciprocal links between anxiety and future-related thinking. Our analyses provided evidence of a reciprocal developmental relationship between depressive symptoms and future-related thinking, implying a negative cycle. Identifying precursors of this cycle could provide the basis for depression prevention in adolescents and promote better decision-making about the future.

中文翻译：

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未来相关思维与青少年抑郁和焦虑症状之间的相互发展路径：纵向研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析。


青春期是对未来做出重要决定的时期，也是心理健康问题的脆弱性增加的时期。我们回顾了纵向研究，探讨了与未来相关的思维（绝望、希望、乐观/积极的未来期望）与青少年抑郁和焦虑症状之间的相互路径。 22 项研究 (= 10,682) 的证据发现，与未来相关的消极思维可预测随后的抑郁症 (= 0.27，< .001)，在控制基线抑郁症 (= 0.23，< .001) 后，这一效应仍然显着。较高的绝望感 (= 0.34, < .001)、较低的希望 (= 0.16, < .001) 和乐观/积极的未来预期降低 (= 0.18, < .001) 与随后增加的抑郁症状相关。与未来相关的消极思维也预示着以后焦虑症状会增加 (= 0.15, = .021)。关于交互路径，抑郁症状与后来的消极未来相关思维相关（= 0.32，< .001），在控制未来相关思维的基线水平后仍然存在（= 0.07，= .02）。没有足够的研究来推断焦虑与未来相关思维之间的相互联系。我们的分析提供了抑郁症状与未来相关思维之间相互发展关系的证据，这意味着负循环。确定这一周期的前兆可以为预防青少年抑郁症提供基础，并促进对未来做出更好的决策。