Extensive research on 3D printing with granular materials has predominantly focused on discrete aspects of the process, such as material properties, printing technology, or component types. This paper advances the field by adopting an integrative approach, investigating a range of granular materials, and employing generic design procedures based on rheological concepts. The objective is to establish relationships between material properties, printing technology, and component types to optimize performance and minimize material usage. An experimental program was conducted, printing clay-based and cementitious materials to characterize their early-age and mature properties and develop generic design procedures. The findings demonstrate that rheological principles can underpin design strategies, harmonizing printing parameters, material properties, and component geometry, ensuring effective printing and material efficiency. These principles provide a foundation for further optimizing the printing process and materials design by investigating the effects of mix composition, especially the binder composition and fillers, to control thixotropy development.

中文翻译：

---

用于建筑部件和结构 3D 打印的颗粒材料


对颗粒材料 3D 打印的广泛研究主要集中在该过程的离散方面，例如材料特性、打印技术或组件类型。本文通过采用综合方法、研究一系列颗粒材料并采用基于流变概念的通用设计程序，推进了该领域的发展。目标是建立材料属性、打印技术和组件类型之间的关系，以优化性能并最大限度地减少材料使用。进行了一项实验计划，打印粘土基和水泥材料，以表征其早期和成熟的性能，并开发通用设计程序。研究结果表明，流变原理可以支撑设计策略，协调打印参数、材料特性和组件几何形状，确保有效的打印和材料效率。这些原理通过研究混合成分（特别是粘合剂成分和填料）的影响来控制触变性的发展，为进一步优化印刷工艺和材料设计奠定了基础。