After carbon nanotubes, carbon nanosheets, and mesoporous carbon materials, carbon dots (CDs) have emerged. Due to theirs advantages such as easy synthesis, low cost, environmental friendliness, low toxicity, good stability, and good biocompatibility, CDs have shown enormous application potential in fields such as biological imaging, optoelectronics, anti-counterfeiting, sensing, energy conversion, and storage, and have received widespread attention worldwide, achieving significant research progress. This article provides a detailed overview of the development process of CDs over the past 10 years, with a focus on their synthesis schemes, structures-property relationships, as well as their important applications and technological prospects. A graphene based structural classification method was proposed, and the preparation plan and latest research progress were updated and summarized. Conduct in-depth research on synthesis strategies and structural characteristics, explore their structures-property relationships at the microstructural level, and analyze the fundamental reasons for their application in multiple fields. Through a comprehensive review of the latest research findings, the applications of CDs in the fields of environment, sensing, biology, energy conversion, and storage have been revealed. Revealed the current bottlenecks of CDs, such as fluorescence, stability, and absorbance. Finally, it also emphasizes effective ways to promote the development of next-generation CDs technology.

中文翻译：

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深入了解碳点的合成策略及其下一代技术的结构-性能相互作用


继碳纳米管、碳纳米片和介孔碳材料之后，出现了碳点（CD）。 CD由于具有易合成、成本低、环境友好、低毒、稳定性好、生物相容性好等优点，在生物成像、光电子、防伪、传感、能源转换等领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。存储，受到世界范围内的广泛关注，取得了重大的研究进展。本文详细概述了过去10年CD的发展历程，重点介绍了CD的合成方案、结构与性能的关系以及重要的应用和技术前景。提出了一种基于石墨烯的结构分类方法，并更新和总结了制备方案和最新研究进展。深入研究合成策略和结构特征，探索其微观结构水平的结构-性能关系，分析其在多个领域应用的根本原因。通过对最新研究成果的全面回顾，揭示了碳点在环境、传感、生物、能量转换和存储等领域的应用。揭示了当前CD的荧光、稳定性和吸光度等瓶颈。最后还强调了推动下一代CD技术发展的有效途径。