Photocatalysis is an efficient and robust strategy to degrade the pollutant in the aqueous environment. However, the decomposition of antibiotics is still a perplexing problem due to the outstanding stability. To fabricate the heterogeneous photocatalyst upconversion nanoparticle (UCNPs)/metal–organic framework (MOFs) with the broadened solar light absorption, especially for the near-infrared (NIR) light, is a feasible pathway to accomplish the above goal. The heterogeneous photocatalyst, NaYF:Yb,Er,Tb@NaYF:Yb,Tb/NH-MIL-88B(Fe) (), is firstly synthesized, in which the shell is coated along with the doped energy trapping ions to improve the upconversion efficiency. Under the simulated solar light, the degradation efficiency of reaches 76% for sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), 75% for ofloxacin (OFL), and 78% for norfloxacin (NOR). To elucidate the influence of energy trapping ions and coated shell, a series of UCNPs, NaYF:Yb,Er (), NaYF:Yb,Er,Tb (), NaYF:Yb,Er,Tb@NaYF:Yb (), and NaYF:Yb,Er,Tb@NaYF () are also synthesized to compare with . The excellent performance of is attributed to the cooperation of covering the widened light spectrum, the enhanced upconversion emission intensity, and the feasible electron-hole separation, which are confirmed by the corresponding measurements including photoelectrochemical measurements, free radical and hole trapping experiments, and pump power dependence of upconversion emission intensities. Incorporation of UCNPs and MOFs to form the heterogeneous photocatalyst is a promising pathway to reach the ideal degradation goal for antibiotics.

中文翻译：

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NaYF4:Yb,Er,Tb@NaYF4:Yb,Tb/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)复合光催化剂的构建用于有效光催化降解抗生素


光催化是一种有效且稳健的降解水环境污染物的策略。然而，由于抗生素的稳定性突出，其分解仍然是一个令人困惑的问题。制造具有更宽的太阳光吸收，特别是近红外（NIR）光吸收的异质光催化剂上转换纳米颗粒（UCNP）/金属有机框架（MOF），是实现上述目标的可行途径。首次合成了异质光催化剂NaYF:Yb,Er,Tb@NaYF:Yb,Tb/NH-MIL-88B(Fe) ()，其中壳层与掺杂的能量捕获离子一起涂覆以提高上转换效率效率。在模拟太阳光下，对磺胺甲恶唑（SMZ）的降解效率达到76%，对氧氟沙星（OFL）的降解效率达到75%，对诺氟沙星（NOR）的降解效率达到78%。为了阐明能量捕获离子和涂层壳的影响，一系列 UCNP、NaYF:Yb,Er ()、NaYF:Yb,Er,Tb ()、NaYF:Yb,Er,Tb@NaYF:Yb () 和还合成了 NaYF:Yb,Er,Tb@NaYF () 并与 进行比较。其优异的性能归因于覆盖加宽的光谱、增强的上转换发射强度和可行的电子-空穴分离的配合，这些都得到了包括光电化学测量、自由基和空穴捕获实验以及泵浦等相应测量的证实。上转换发射强度的功率依赖性。结合 UCNP 和 MOF 形成异质光催化剂是实现抗生素理想降解目标的一条有前途的途径。