Graphene-based materials have been extensively researched due to its biocompatibility, unique conjugated structure, and relatively low cost in the realm of biology. Graphene is increasingly being explored for many medical uses, including as DNA-hybridization devices, cancer treatment, and medicine administration. Furthermore, it exhibits substantial potential in several fields of biological applications, such as antibacterial interventions, therapy, and biosensing. The synthesis of GO and rGO was achieved in this work for the first-time using macroalgae, as a reducing agent. The antibacterial activity of graphene-based derivatives was evaluated against two different human pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial growth inhibition increased in proportion to the higher concentration. Higher concentration of nanosheets could enhance the cellular enzyme activity. Different scavenging assays are adapted to assess the antioxidant activity of GO and rGO. Significant in-vitro antioxidant activity was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of synthesized nanosheets was tested against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) at various concentrations. The test results show that the graphene derivatives in the MCF-7 cell line exhibit an increase in apoptotic behaviour as sample concentration rises. This study could offer novel insights into the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of the green synthesized graphene-based derivatives.

中文翻译：

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石莼提取物中石墨烯基衍生物的绿色合成：表征和生物医学应用


石墨烯基材料由于其生物相容性、独特的共轭结构和在生物学领域相对较低的成本而得到了广泛的研究。石墨烯越来越多地被探索用于许多医疗用途，包括 DNA 杂交设备、癌症治疗和药物管理。此外，它在抗菌干预、治疗和生物传感等多个生物应用领域表现出巨大的潜力。本工作首次使用大型藻类作为还原剂实现了 GO 和 rGO 的合成。评估了石墨烯基衍生物对两种不同人类致病菌的抗菌活性。细菌生长抑制作用随着浓度的升高而成比例地增加。较高浓度的纳米片可以增强细胞酶活性。采用不同的清除测定来评估 GO 和 rGO 的抗氧化活性。以浓度依赖性方式观察到显着的体外抗氧化活性。此外，还测试了不同浓度的合成纳米片对人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）的抗肿瘤活性。测试结果表明，MCF-7细胞系中的石墨烯衍生物随着样品浓度的升高而表现出凋亡行为的增加。这项研究可以为绿色合成石墨烯衍生物的抗菌、抗氧化和抗癌活性提供新的见解。