Exposure to endocrine disruptors during early childhood poses significant health risks. This study examines the exposure levels of French 3.5-year-old children to various persistent and non-persistent pollutants and pesticides using hair analysis as part of the ELFE national birth cohort. Differences in sex and geographical location among the children were investigated as ppossible determinants of exposure. Exposure biomarkers from 32 chemical families were analyzed using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS in 222 hair samples from children in the ELFE cohort. Of these, 46 mother–child pairs from the same cohort provided unique insight into prenatal and postnatal exposure. Regressions, correlations and discriminate analysis were used to assess relationships between exposure and possible confounding factors. Among the biomarkers tested in children’s hair samples, 69 had a detection frequency of ≥ 50 %, with 20 showing a 100 % detection rate. The most detected biomarkers belonged to the bisphenol, organochlorine and organophosphate families. Sex-specific differences were observed for 26 biomarkers, indicating the role of the child’s sex in exposure levels. Additionally, regional differences were noted, with Hexachlorobenzene varying significantly across the different French regions. Nicotine presented both the highest concentration (16303 pg/mg) and highest median concentration (81 pg/mg) measured in the children’s hair. Statistically significant correlations between the levels of biomarkers found in the hair samples of the mothers and their respective children were observed for fipronil (correlation coefficient = 0.32, p = 0.03), fipronil sulfone (correlation coefficient = 0.34, p = 0.02) and azoxystrobin (correlation coefficient = 0.29, p = 0.05). The study highlights the elevated exposure levels of young children to various pollutants, highlighting the influence of sex and geography. Hair analysis emerges as a crucial tool for monitoring endocrine disruptors, offering insights into exposure risks and reinforcing the need for protective measures against these harmful substances.

中文翻译：

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法国 3.5 岁儿童接触农药、持久性和非持久性污染物：ELFE 全国出生队列综合头发分析结果


儿童早期接触内分泌干扰物会带来严重的健康风险。本研究使用头发分析作为 ELFE 全国出生队列的一部分，调查了法国 3.5 岁儿童对各种持久性和非持久性污染物和杀虫剂的暴露水平。对儿童的性别和地理位置差异进行了调查，将其作为暴露的可能决定因素。使用 LC-MS/MS 和 GC-MS/MS 对 ELFE 队列儿童的 222 个头发样本中的 32 个化学家族的暴露生物标志物进行了分析。其中，来自同一队列的 46 对母子对产前和产后暴露提供了独特的见解。使用回归、相关性和判别分析来评估暴露与可能的混杂因素之间的关系。在儿童头发样本中检测的生物标志物中，69个检测频率≥50%，其中20个检测率为100%。检测到最多的生物标志物属于双酚、有机氯和有机磷酸酯家族。观察到 26 种生物标志物存在性别差异，表明儿童性别在暴露水平中的作用。此外，还注意到区域差异，法国不同地区的六氯苯差异很大。在儿童头发中测得的尼古丁浓度最高（16303 皮克/毫克）和最高中位浓度（81 皮克/毫克）。在母亲及其各自孩子的头发样本中发现的生物标志物水平之间观察到氟虫腈（相关系数 = 0.32，p = 0.03）、氟虫腈砜（相关系数 = 0.34，p = 0.02）和嘧菌酯（相关系数 = 0.34，p = 0.02）和嘧菌酯（相关系数 = 0.29，p = 0.05）。 该研究强调了幼儿接触各种污染物的水平较高，强调了性别和地理位置的影响。头发分析成为监测内分泌干扰物的重要工具，提供对暴露风险的见解并加强针对这些有害物质采取保护措施的必要性。