Women have a 2-fold increased rate of stress-associated psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety, but the mechanisms that underlie this increased susceptibility remain incompletely understood. Historically, female subjects were excluded from preclinical studies and clinical trials. Additionally, chronic stress paradigms used to study psychiatric pathology in animal models were developed for use in males. However, recent changes in National Institutes of Health policy encourage inclusion of female subjects, and considerable work has been performed in recent years to understand biological sex differences that may underlie differences in susceptibility to chronic stress–associated psychiatric conditions. Here, we review the utility as well as current challenges of using the framework of the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria as a transdiagnostic approach to study sex differences in rodent models of chronic stress including recent progress in the study of sex differences in the neurobehavioral domains of negative valence, positive valence, cognition, social processes, and arousal.

中文翻译：

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将研究领域标准应用于慢性应激易感性性别差异的啮齿动物研究


女性患压力相关精神疾病（如抑郁症和焦虑症）的几率增加了 2 倍，但导致这种易感性增加的机制仍不完全清楚。从历史上看，女性受试者被排除在临床前研究和临床试验之外。此外，用于研究动物模型中精神病病理学的慢性应激范式被开发用于雄性。然而，美国国立卫生研究院 （National Institutes of Health） 政策的最新变化鼓励纳入女性受试者，并且近年来已经进行了大量工作来了解生物学性别差异，这些差异可能是慢性压力相关精神疾病易感性差异的基础。在这里，我们回顾了使用美国国家心理健康研究所研究领域标准框架作为跨诊断方法来研究慢性应激啮齿动物模型中性别差异的效用和当前挑战，包括在负效价、正效价、 认知、社会过程和唤醒。