Efficacy of Interval Training in Improving Body Composition and Adiposity in Apparently Healthy Adults: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis,Sports Medicine

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Efficacy of Interval Training in Improving Body Composition and Adiposity in Apparently Healthy Adults: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis
Sports Medicine ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02070-9
Eric Tsz-Chun Poon ₁ , Hong-Yat Li ₁ , Jonathan Peter Little ₂ , Stephen Heung-Sang Wong ₁ , Robin Sze-Tak Ho _{1,

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Affiliation

Background

Although the efficacy of interval training for improving body composition has been summarized in an increasing number of systematic reviews in recent years, discrepancies in review findings and conclusions have been observed.

Objective

This study aims to synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of interval training compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and nonexercise control (CON) in reducing body adiposity in apparently healthy adults.

Methods

An umbrella review with meta-analysis was performed. A systematic search was conducted in seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) up to October 2023. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing interval training and MICT/CON were included. Literature selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR-2) were conducted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of interval training [high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT)], intervention duration, body mass index, exercise modality, and volume of HIIT protocols.

Results

Sixteen systematic reviews, including 79 RCTs and 2474 unique participants, met the inclusion criteria. Most systematic reviews had a critically low (n = 6) or low (n = 6) AMSTAR-2 score. Interval training demonstrated significantly greater reductions in total body fat percent (BF%) compared with MICT [weighted mean difference (WMD) of − 0.77%; 95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.12 to − 0.32%] and CON (WMD of − 1.50%; 95% CI − 2.40 to − 0.58%). Significant reductions in fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and android abdominal fat were also observed following interval training compared to CON. Subgroup analyses indicated that both HIIT and SIT resulted in superior BF% loss than MICT. These benefits appeared to be more prominent in individuals with overweight/obesity and longer duration interventions (≥ 12 weeks), as well as in protocols using cycling as a modality and low-volume HIIT (i.e., < 15 min of high-intensity exercise per session).

Conclusions

This novel umbrella review with large-scale meta-analysis provides an updated synthesis of evidence with implications for physical activity guideline recommendations. The findings support interval training as a viable exercise strategy for reducing adiposity in the general population.

中文翻译：

间歇训练在改善表面健康成年人身体成分和肥胖方面的功效：荟萃分析的总体回顾

背景

尽管近年来越来越多的系统评价总结了间歇训练对改善身体成分的功效，但仍观察到评价结果和结论存在差异。

客观的

本研究旨在综合现有证据，证明间歇训练与中等强度持续训练 (MICT) 和非运动控制 (CON) 相比在减少表面健康成年人身体肥胖方面的功效。

方法

进行了荟萃分析的总体审查。截至 2023 年 10 月，我们在七个数据库（MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane Database、CINAHL、Scopus、SPORTDiscus 和 Web of Science）中进行了系统检索。对比较间歇训练和 MICT 的随机对照试验 (RCT) 进行了系统综述和荟萃分析/CON 也包括在内。文献选择、数据提取和方法学质量评估（AMSTAR-2）由两名评审员独立进行。使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。根据间歇训练类型[高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和冲刺间歇训练（SIT）]、干预持续时间、体重指数、运动方式和 HIIT 方案量进行亚组分析。

结果

16 项系统评价（包括 79 项随机对照试验和 2474 名独特参与者）符合纳入标准。大多数系统评价的 AMSTAR-2 评分极低 ( n = 6) 或较低 ( n = 6)。与 MICT 相比，间歇训练显示全身脂肪百分比 (BF%) 显着降低 [加权平均差 (WMD) 为 − 0.77%； 95% 置信区间 (CI) − 1.12 至 − 0.32%] 和 CON（WMD 为 − 1.50%；95% CI − 2.40 至 − 0.58%）。与 CON 相比，间歇训练后还观察到脂肪量、内脏脂肪组织、皮下腹部脂肪和机器人腹部脂肪显着减少。亚组分析表明，HIIT 和 SIT 的 BF% 损失均优于 MICT。这些益处似乎在超重/肥胖和干预时间较长（≥ 12 周）的个体以及使用骑自行车作为方式和低强度 HIIT（即每次< 15 分钟的高强度运动）的方案中更为突出。会议）。