Solanum commersonii (2n=2x=24, 1EBN, Endosperm Balance Number), native to the southern regions of Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina, is the first wild potato germplasm collected by botanists and exhibits a remarkable array of traits related to disease resistance and stress tolerance. In this study, we present a high-quality haplotype-resolved genome of S. commersonii. The two identified haplotypes demonstrate chromosome sizes of 706.48 Mb and 711.55 Mb, respectively, with corresponding chromosome anchoring rates of 94.2% and 96.9%. Additionally, the contig N50 lengths are documented at 50.87 Mb and 45.16 Mb. The gene annotation outcomes indicate that each haplotype encompasses a gene count of 39799 and 40078, respectively. The genome contiguity, completeness, and accuracy assessments collectively indicate that the current assembly has obtained a high-quality genome of S. commersonii. Evolutionary analysis revealed significant positive selection acting on certain disease resistance genes, stress response genes, and environmentally adaptive genes during the evolutionary process of S. commersonii. These genes may be related to the formation of diverse and superior germplasm resources in the wild potato species S. commersonii. Furthermore, we utilized a hybrid population of S. commersonii and S. verrucosum to conduct the mapping of potato freezing tolerance genes. By combining BSA-Seq analysis with traditional QTL mapping, we successfully mapped the potato freezing tolerance genes to a specific region on Chr07, spanning 1.25 Mb, with a phenotypic contribution rate of 18.81%. In short, current research provides a haplotype-resolved reference genome of the diploid wild potato species S. commersonii and establishes a foundation for further cloning and unraveling the mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in potatoes.

中文翻译：

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野生马铃薯茄属的单倍型解析基因组和抗冻性作图


Solanum commersonii（2n=2x=24，1EBN，胚乳平衡数）原产于巴西南部地区、乌拉圭和阿根廷东北部，是植物学家收集的第一个野生马铃薯种质，表现出一系列与抗病性相关的显着性状和压力耐受力。在这项研究中，我们提出了 S. commersonii 的高质量单倍型解析基因组。鉴定出的两个单倍型的染色体大小分别为706.48 Mb和711.55 Mb，相应的染色体锚定率为94.2%和96.9%。此外，重叠群 N50 长度记录为 50.87 Mb 和 45.16 Mb。基因注释结果表明每个单倍型分别包含 39799 和 40078 个基因。基因组连续性、完整性和准确性评估共同表明当前组装获得了高质量的商业沙门氏菌基因组。进化分析表明，在S. commersonii的进化过​​程中，某些抗病基因、应激反应基因和环境适应基因受到显着的正选择作用。这些基因可能与野生马铃薯种质资源丰富、优质的形成有关。此外，我们利用 S. commersonii 和 S. verrucosum 的杂交群体来进行马铃薯耐冻基因的定位。通过将BSA-Seq分析与传统QTL作图相结合，我们成功地将马铃薯耐冻基因定位到Chr07上的特定区域，跨度为1.25 Mb，表型贡献率为18.81%。简而言之，当前的研究提供了二倍体野生马铃薯物种 S. 的单倍型解析参考基因组。 commersonii 并为进一步克隆和揭示马铃薯耐冷机制奠定了基础。