Solanum commersonii (2n = 2x = 24, 1EBN, Endosperm Balance Number), native to the southern regions of Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina, is the first wild potato germplasm collected by botanists and exhibits a remarkable array of traits related to disease resistance and stress tolerance. In this study, we present a high-quality haplotype-resolved genome of S. commersonii. The two identified haplotypes demonstrate chromosome sizes of 706.48 and 711.55 Mb, respectively, with corresponding chromosome anchoring rates of 94.2 and 96.9%. Additionally, the contig N50 lengths are documented at 50.87 and 45.16 Mb. The gene annotation outcomes indicate that the haplotypes encompasses a gene count of 39 799 and 40 078, respectively. The genome contiguity, completeness, and accuracy assessments collectively indicate that the current assembly has produced a high-quality genome of S. commersonii. Evolutionary analysis revealed significant positive selection acting on certain disease resistance genes, stress response genes, and environmentally adaptive genes during the evolutionary process of S. commersonii. These genes may be related to the formation of diverse and superior germplasm resources in the wild potato species S. commersonii. Furthermore, we utilized a hybrid population of S. commersonii and S. verrucosum to conduct the mapping of potato freezing tolerance genes. By combining BSA-seq analysis with traditional QTL mapping, we successfully mapped the potato freezing tolerance genes to a specific region on Chr07, spanning 1.25 Mb, with a phenotypic contribution rate of 18.81%. In short, current research provides a haplotype-resolved reference genome of the diploid wild potato species S. commersonii and establishes a foundation for further cloning and unraveling the mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in potatoes.

中文翻译：

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野生马铃薯 Solanum commersonii 单倍型分辨基因组和耐冻性作图


Solanum commersonii （2n = 2x = 24， 1EBN， 胚乳平衡数） 原产于巴西、乌拉圭和阿根廷东北部的南部地区，是植物学家收集的第一份野生马铃薯种质，表现出一系列与抗病性和抗逆性相关的显著性状。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个高质量的单倍型分辨的 S. commersonii 基因组。两种鉴定的单倍型显示染色体大小分别为 706.48 和 711.55 Mb，相应的染色体锚定率为 94.2 和 96.9%。此外，重叠群 N50 长度记录为 50.87 和 45.16 Mb。基因注释结果表明，单倍型分别包含 39 799 和 40 078 个基因计数。基因组连续性、完整性和准确性评估共同表明，当前的组装已经产生了高质量的 S. commersonii 基因组。进化分析显示，在 S. commersonii 的进化过程中，某些抗病基因、应激反应基因和环境适应性基因存在显着的正向选择。这些基因可能与野生马铃薯物种 S. commersonii 中多样化和优质种质资源的形成有关。此外，我们利用 S. commersonii 和 S. verrucosum 的杂交种群对马铃薯耐冻基因进行定位。通过将 BSA-seq 分析与传统 QTL 定位相结合，我们成功地将马铃薯耐冻基因定位到 Chr07 上的特定区域，跨度为 1.25 Mb，表型贡献率为 18.81%。简而言之，目前的研究提供了二倍体野生马铃薯物种 S 的单倍型分辨参考基因组。 Commersonii 并为进一步克隆和解开马铃薯耐寒机制奠定了基础。