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Randomized 20-year infancy-onset dietary intervention, life-long cardiovascular risk factors and retinal microvasculature
European Heart Journal ( IF 37.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 , DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae423
Oskari Repo 1, 2 , Markus Juonala 3, 4 , Harri Niinikoski 1, 2, 5 , Suvi Rovio 1, 2 , Juha Mykkänen 1, 2 , Hanna Lagström 2, 6, 7 , Carol Y Cheung 8 , Dawei Yang 8 , Hanna Vaahtoranta-Lehtonen 9 , Antti Jula 10 , Jaakko Nevalainen 11 , Tapani Rönnemaa 3, 4 , Jorma Viikari 3, 4 , Olli Raitakari 1, 2, 12 , Robyn Tapp 13, 14 , Katja Pahkala 1, 2, 15
Affiliation  

Background and Aims Retinal microvasculature characteristics predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study investigated associations of lifelong cardiovascular risk factors and effects of dietary intervention on retinal microvasculature in young adulthood. Methods The cohort is derived from the longitudinal Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project study. The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project is a 20-year infancy-onset randomized controlled dietary intervention study with frequent study visits and follow-up extending to age 26 years. The dietary intervention aimed at a heart-healthy diet. Fundus photographs were taken at the 26-year follow-up, and microvascular measures [arteriolar and venular diameters, tortuosity (simple and curvature) and fractal dimensions] were derived (n = 486). Cumulative exposure as the area under the curve for cardiovascular risk factors and dietary components was determined for the longest available time period (e.g. from age 7 months to 26 years). Results The dietary intervention had a favourable effect on retinal microvasculature resulting in less tortuous arterioles and venules and increased arteriolar fractal dimension in the intervention group when compared with the control group. The intervention effects were found even when controlled for the cumulative cardiovascular risk factors. Reduced lifelong cumulative intake of saturated fats, main target of the intervention, was also associated with less tortuous venules. Several lifelong cumulative risk factors were independently associated with the retinal microvascular measures, e.g. cumulative systolic blood pressure with narrower arterioles. Conclusions Infancy-onset 20-year dietary intervention had favourable effects on the retinal microvasculature in young adulthood. Several lifelong cumulative cardiovascular risk factors were independently associated with retinal microvascular structure.

中文翻译:


随机 20 年婴儿期饮食干预、终生心血管危险因素和视网膜微血管系统



背景和目的 视网膜微血管特征可预测心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率。本研究调查了终生心血管危险因素的关联以及饮食干预对青年期视网膜微血管的影响。方法 该队列源自纵向特别图尔库冠状动脉危险因素干预项目研究。图尔库冠状动脉危险因素特别干预项目是一项为期 20 年的婴儿期随机对照饮食干预研究,经常进行研究访问,并随访至 26 岁。饮食干预旨在促进心脏健康的饮食。在 26 年随访时拍摄眼底照片,并得出微血管测量值 [小动脉和小静脉直径、迂曲度(简单和曲率)和分形维数] (n = 486)。累积暴露作为心血管危险因素和膳食成分的曲线下面积,是在最长可用时间段(例如从 7 个月到 26 岁)内确定的。结果 与对照组相比,饮食干预对视网膜微血管有良好的影响,导致干预组小动脉和小静脉弯曲程度减少,小动脉分形维数增加。即使在控制累积心血管危险因素的情况下,也发现了干预效果。减少终生饱和脂肪累积摄入量(干预的主要目标)也与减少小静脉曲折有关。几个终生累积危险因素与视网膜微血管测量独立相关,例如小动脉变窄时累积收缩压。 结论 婴儿期开始的20年饮食干预对成年早期的视网膜微血管有良好的影响。几个终生累积心血管危险因素与视网膜微血管结构独立相关。
更新日期:2024-07-12
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