Utilizing industrial solid waste for cementitious materials addresses ecological environmental pollution, and contributes significantly to reducing carbon emission, thus fostering sustainable development. The cementitious materials were prepared using three types of solid waste: red mud (RM), iron tailings (IR) and steel slag (SS) in this study. The impact of the synergistic interaction between RM-IR-SS on the mechanical properties was investigated. Additionally, the hydration products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry derivative thermogravimetry (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the optimum strength reached 11.83 MPa after curing 28 d with a composition of 30 % RM, 40 % IR, 30 % SS a solid-liquid ratio of 0.35 and an alkaline activator module of 1.30. RM was found to be rich in OH, which formed an alkaline solution upon contact with water. This solution, in interaction with alkaline activators, effectively dissolved large amount of Si and Al substances from RM, IR and SS. The dissolved Na, Ca, [Al(OH)], [HSiO], [HAlO], and OH reacted to generate ettringite, C–S–H, and C(N)-A-S-H gels. The diffusion of these gel and ettringite, coupled with the reduction of porosity, formed a dense matrix structure, which improved the mechanical properties. The research establishes a solid foundation for the optimal utilization of alkali, calcareous, and silica-aluminum solid waste, further contributing to a more sustainable industrial ecosystem through their synergistic utilization as building materials.

中文翻译：

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铁尾矿、钢渣和赤泥胶凝材料对力学和微观结构性能的协同作用


利用工业固体废物生产胶凝材料，可以解决生态环境污染，为减少碳排放、促进可持续发展作出重要贡献。本研究中使用三种类型的固体废物制备胶凝材料：赤泥（RM）、铁尾矿（IR）和钢渣（SS）。研究了 RM-IR-SS 之间的协同相互作用对机械性能的影响。此外，还通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析导数热重分析（TG）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对水合产物进行了表征。结果表明，当配方为30% RM、40% IR、30% SS、固液比为0.35、碱性活化剂模数为1.30时，固化28 d后最佳强度达到11.83 MPa。 RM被发现富含OH，与水接触后形成碱性溶液。该溶液与碱性活化剂相互作用，有效溶解了 RM、IR 和 SS 中的大量 Si 和 Al 物质。溶解的Na、Ca、[Al(OH)]、[HSiO]、[HAlO]和OH反应生成钙矾石、C-S-H和C(N)-ASH凝胶。这些凝胶和钙矾石的扩散，加上孔隙率的降低，形成致密的基体结构，从而提高了机械性能。该研究为碱、钙质和硅铝固体废物的优化利用奠定了坚实的基础，通过将它们作为建筑材料进行协同利用，进一步为更加可持续的工业生态系统做出贡献。