The energy levels and transitions of highly charged Sn ions are key data for analyzing emission spectra, radiative opacity, and conversion efficiency of laser-produced Sn plasmas. Temporally–resolved spectra in the 6–45-nm range were acquired via high-precision, spatio–temporally resolved techniques. In addition, the Cowan code, based on Hartree–Fock multi-configurational interactions, was used to perform structural calculations for Sn–Sn ion spectra. Emission spectra in the 11–18-nm range were primarily attributed to Sn–Sn ions, with transitions involving principal quantum numbers Δn=0 and Δn=1. Whereas, emission spectra in the 6–11-nm and 18–45-nm ranges were mainly attributed to Sn–Snand Sn– Snions, with transitions involving principal quantum numbers Δn=1,2. Furthermore, Segmented simulations were conducted based on the assumptions of a normalized Boltzmann distribution among the excited states and a steady-state collisional-radiative model to explain the characteristics of the radiation spectra and variations in state parameters variations during laser-produced plasma expansion from the core to the outer periphery. A specific analysis was conducted on the temporal evolution of the electron temperature and density, while the charge state of the plasma was analyzed over the 6–18-nm range. Based on the spectral diagnostics, this work focused on the impact of non-uniformity in the expansion of the Sn plasma.

中文翻译：

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激光产生的锡等离子体的宽光谱范围特性和动态演化


高电荷锡离子的能级和跃迁是分析激光产生的锡等离子体的发射光谱、辐射不透明度和转换效率的关键数据。 6-45 nm 范围内的时间分辨光谱是通过高精度时空分辨技术获得的。此外，基于 Hartree-Fock 多构型相互作用的 Cowan 代码用于进行 Sn-Sn 离子谱的结构计算。 11-18 nm 范围内的发射光谱主要归因于 Sn-Sn 离子，跃迁涉及主量子数 Δn=0 和 Δn=1。而 6-11-nm 和 18-45-nm 范围内的发射光谱主要归因于 Sn-Sn 和 Sn-Sn 离子，跃迁涉及主量子数 Δn=1,2。此外，基于激发态之间的归一化玻尔兹曼分布和稳态碰撞辐射模型的假设进行了分段模拟，以解释激光产生的等离子体从等离子体膨胀过程中的辐射光谱特征和状态参数变化的变化。核心到外围。对电子温度和密度的时间演变进行了具体分析，同时在 6-18 nm 范围内分析了等离子体的电荷状态。基于光谱诊断，这项工作重点研究了 Sn 等离子体膨胀的不均匀性的影响。