This study investigated the association between positive and negative family support and psychosocial outcomes among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. A retrospective analysis was performed using psychological data collected from 175 TGD youth (aged 13–18 years) at time of hormone readiness assessment within a multispecialty gender clinic between May 2021 and February 2023. As part of this assessment process, TGD youth provided responses to a variety of measures, including the Youth Self-Report and the Family Environment Scale. Negative family support scales were more strongly associated with more outcomes than positive support scales. The exclusion and abuse, viewing gender expression as morally wrong, and trying to change gender scales were each associated with significantly higher Youth Self-Report T-scores for internalizing problems (βs = 6.86, 6.26, 5.56, all < .01), externalizing problems (βs = 4.58, 4.42, 4.19, all < .02), and total problems (βs = 6.70, 6.45, 5.34, all < .02). The explicit care and support scale was associated with significantly lower T-scores for externalizing problems (β = −3.54 = .02) and total problems (β = −3.35, = .04). Overall support was also associated with higher T-scores in internalizing problems (b = −2.90, = .02), externalizing problems (β = −2.40, = .03), and total problems (β = −2.79, = .03). Family support plays a critical role in the psychosocial wellbeing of TGD youth. TGD youth reporting positive family support reported fewer mental health concerns, less experiences of nonaffirmation, and lower levels of internalized transphobia. TGD youth reporting negative family support were found to have an increased risk of suicidal ideation.

中文翻译：

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了解家庭对跨性别青少年的支持：支持对心理社会功能的影响


这项研究调查了跨性别和性别多样化（TGD）青年中积极和消极的家庭支持与心理社会结果之间的关系。使用 2021 年 5 月至 2023 年 2 月期间在多专业性别诊所进行激素准备评估时收集的 175 名 TGD 青少年（年龄 13-18 岁）的心理数据进行回顾性分析。作为评估过程的一部分，TGD 青少年提供了以下答复：各种衡量标准，包括青少年自我报告和家庭环境量表。与正向家庭支持量表相比，负向家庭支持量表与更多结果的相关性更强。排斥和虐待、将性别表达视为道德错误以及试图改变性别量表均与青少年自我报告的内化问题 T 得分显着升高相关（βs = 6.86、6.26、5.56，全部 < .01）、外化问题问题（βs = 4.58、4.42、4.19，全部 < .02）和总问题（βs = 6.70、6.45、5.34，全部 < .02）。明确的护理和支持量表与外化问题 (β = -3.54 = .02) 和总问题 (β = -3.35, = .04) 的 T 分数显着降低相关。总体支持度还与内部化问题 (b = -2.90, = .02)、外部化问题 (β = -2.40, = .03) 和总问题 (β = -2.79, = .03) 中较高的 T 分数相关。家庭支持对 TGD 青少年的社会心理健康起着至关重要的作用。报告积极家庭支持的 TGD 青年报告称，心理健康问题较少，不肯定的经历较少，内在的跨性别恐惧症水平较低。研究发现，报告消极家庭支持的 TGD 青少年自杀意念的风险增加。