This review assesses the feasibility of carbon-free ammonia fuels as an alternative fuel for gas turbines to alleviate the environmental problems associated with excessive carbon emissions. Its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in terms of fuel properties and practical applications, and measures are presented, focusing on those deficiencies. Given the enormous prospects demonstrated by recent progress in exploring ammonia-fueled gas turbines, here, we review these key developments, starting from the performance and emissions, to operational stability, to emerging technologies, and then to the technical challenges that must be addressed. Moreover, the significance of ammonia-hydrogen blend fuel is highlighted to probe a technological path toward carbon-free fuels for gas turbines: What should be spotlighted is the blending ratio, in which there are dilemmas, including flashback and overheating, with high ratios due to the immaturity of existing technologies, while a reasonable wall cooling effect is concerned with lower ratios. Ammonia-driven integrated chemically recuperated gas turbines are a promising option for such dual-fuel systems at present. These developments broadly bridge ammonia fuels and gas turbines and provide a fresh impetus for the future transition to a low-carbon society.

中文翻译：

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燃气轮机用无碳氨燃料的进展：综述


本综述评估了无碳氨燃料作为燃气轮机替代燃料的可行性，以缓解与过量碳排放相关的环境问题。从燃料特性和实际应用方面分析了其优缺点，并针对不足之处提出了解决措施。鉴于探索氨燃料燃气轮机的最新进展所展现的巨大前景，在这里，我们回顾了这些关键发展，从性能和排放，到运行稳定性，到新兴技术，然后到必须解决的技术挑战。此外，还强调了氨氢混合燃料对于探索燃气轮机无碳燃料技术路径的意义：值得关注的是混合比，混合比过高会带来回火、过热等困境。现有技术的不成熟，而合理的壁面冷却效果则与较低的比率有关。目前，氨驱动的集成化学回热式燃气轮机是此类双燃料系统的一个有前途的选择。这些发展广泛连接了氨燃料和燃气轮机，并为未来向低碳社会的转型提供了新的动力。