Platinum (Pt)-based nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in many catalytic reactions benefiting from their inherent electronic surface properties. However, due to their high surface energy, they easily agglomerate and grow in size in catalytic reactions, resulting in significantly decreasing catalytic performance. To address this problem, encapsulating Pt-based NPs in porous materials to form core–shell structures or to physically isolate Pt-based NPs in pores is a highly efficient and promising strategy. In this review, the synthetic strategies, advantageous properties and catalytic applications of encapsulated Pt-based NPs are comprehensively summarized. We first describe the synthetic strategies of Pt-based NPs encapsulated in different porous materials, including metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, zeolites, carbon materials and inorganic oxides. The advantageous properties of encapsulated Pt-based NPs such as enhanced stability, improved selectivity and accelerated electron transfer are then demonstrated. After that, the catalytic applications of encapsulated Pt-based NPs in thermal-, photo- and electro-catalysis are discussed. At the end of this review, we present our views on future developments and challenges in this direction.

中文翻译：

---

用于催化的封装 Pt 基纳米颗粒


铂 (Pt) 基纳米颗粒 (NP) 因其固有的电子表面特性而被广泛用于许多催化反应。然而，由于它们的高表面能，它们在催化反应中很容易团聚并增大尺寸，导致催化性能显着下降。为了解决这个问题，将铂基纳米粒子封装在多孔材料中形成核壳结构或在孔中物理隔离铂基纳米粒子是一种高效且有前途的策略。在这篇综述中，全面总结了封装的铂基纳米粒子的合成策略、优势性能和催化应用。我们首先描述了封装在不同多孔材料中的 Pt 基纳米粒子的合成策略，包括金属有机骨架、共价有机骨架、沸石、碳材料和无机氧化物。然后证明了封装的铂基纳米粒子的有利特性，例如增强的稳定性、改进的选择性和加速的电子转移。之后，讨论了封装的 Pt 基纳米粒子在热催化、光催化和电催化中的催化应用。在本次审查的最后，我们提出了对此方向未来发展和挑战的看法。