Controlled release technology of chemical fertilizers is an important cornerstone for the efficient development of sustainable agriculture. Damage to the coating layer and fragmentation of particles during the application of controlled release fertilizers can lead to the loss of their controlled release properties, making the development of effective damage reduction operations a key focus in the study of such agricultural materials. Therefore, this paper employs the bonded particle model (BPM) method within the discrete element method (DEM) framework to investigate the mechanism of coating damage in controlled-release fertilizers. It establishes a classification of damage types based on the level of damaged particles as an effective analytical approach. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted between the discrete element particle model (DEPM) method and the bonded particle model method in terms of their performance in discharge mechanics and flow characteristics. The results indicate that the breakage rate of fertilizer discharge is influenced by both the formation of a steady state and the depletion of the fertilizer load within the container, with an average breakage rate of 1.511% over the total period. Differences in the average maximum compression force and mass flow rate between the discrete element particle model group and the bonded particle model group were 60.355 N and 1.998 g/s, respectively, reflecting limitations imposed by the fertilizer models on expected damage deformation behaviors. This study elucidates the process and potential impacts of fertilizer particle damage and deformation, revealing the strengths and limitations of two simulation model approaches under different application conditions, providing insights for sustainable agricultural production and technological innovation in fertilization equipment.

中文翻译：

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探索可持续农业：通过粘合颗粒模型研究控释肥料损害的影响


化肥控释技术是农业可持续高效发展的重要基石。控释肥料施用过程中包膜层的损坏和颗粒的破碎会导致其控释性能的丧失，因此开发有效的减害操作成为此类农业材料研究的重点。因此，本文采用离散元法（DEM）框架内的粘合颗粒模型（BPM）方法来研究控释肥料涂层损伤的机理。它根据受损颗粒的水平建立了损坏类型的分类，作为一种有效的分析方法。此外，还对离散元颗粒模型（DEPM）法和粘结颗粒模型法在放电力学和流动特性方面的性能进行了比较分析。结果表明，施肥破损率受到稳定状态的形成和容器内施肥量消耗的影响，整个期间的平均破损率为1.511%。离散元颗粒模型组和粘合颗粒模型组之间的平均最大压缩力和质量流量的差异分别为 60.355 N 和 1.998 g/s，反映了肥料模型对预期损坏变形行为施加的限制。 该研究阐明了肥料颗粒损伤变形的过程和潜在影响，揭示了两种模拟模型方法在不同应用条件下的优势和局限性，为可持续农业生产和施肥设备技术创新提供了见解。