Unmasking Spatial Heterogeneity in Phytotoxicology Mechanisms Induced by Carbamazepine by Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Multiomics Analyses,Environmental Science & Technology

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Unmasking Spatial Heterogeneity in Phytotoxicology Mechanisms Induced by Carbamazepine by Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Multiomics Analyses
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04628
Zhi-Yu Lu ₁ , Cheng-Yuan Liu ₂ , Yan-Yun Hu ₃ , Yang Pan ₂ , Li Yuan _{1,

2} , Liu-Tian Wu ₂ , Ke-Ke Qi ₂ , Zhan Zhang ₁ , Jing-Chen Zhou ₁ , Jia-Heng Zhao ₁ , Yi Hu ₁ , Hao Yin ₃ , Guo-Ping Sheng ₁

Affiliation

Previous studies have highlighted the toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in plants, yet understanding their spatial distribution within plant tissues and specific toxic effects remains limited. This study investigates the spatial-specific toxic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ), a prevalent PPCP, in plants. Utilizing desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI), CBZ and its transformation products were observed predominantly at the leaf edges, with 2.3-fold higher concentrations than inner regions, which was confirmed by LC–MS. Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses revealed significant differences in gene expression and metabolite levels between the inner and outer leaf regions, emphasizing the spatial location’s role in CBZ response. Notably, photosynthesis-related genes were markedly downregulated, and photosynthetic efficiency was reduced at leaf edges. Additionally, elevated oxidative stress at leaf edges was indicated by higher antioxidant enzyme activity, cell membrane impairment, and increased free fatty acids. Given the increased oxidative stress at the leaf margins, the study suggests using in situ Raman spectroscopy for early detection of CBZ-induced damage by monitoring reactive oxygen species levels. These findings provide crucial insights into the spatial toxicological mechanisms of CBZ in plants, forming a basis for future spatial toxicology research of PPCPs.

中文翻译：

通过质谱成像和多组学分析揭示卡马西平诱导的植物毒理学机制的空间异质性

先前的研究强调了药物和个人护理产品 (PPCP) 对植物的毒性，但对它们在植物组织内的空间分布和特定毒性作用的了解仍然有限。本研究调查了卡马西平 (CBZ)（一种常见的 PPCP）在植物中的空间特异性毒性作用。利用解吸电喷雾电离质谱成像（DESI-MSI），CBZ及其转化产物主要在叶边缘观察到，浓度比内部区域高2.3倍，LC-MS证实了这一点。转录组和代谢分析揭示了内部和外部叶区域之间基因表达和代谢物水平的显着差异，强调了空间位置在 CBZ 反应中的作用。值得注意的是，光合作用相关基因显着下调，叶缘光合作用效率降低。此外，抗氧化酶活性升高、细胞膜损伤和游离脂肪酸增加表明叶缘氧化应激升高。鉴于叶缘氧化应激增加，该研究建议使用原位拉曼光谱通过监测活性氧水平来早期检测 CBZ 引起的损伤。这些发现为CBZ在植物中的空间毒理学机制提供了重要的见解，为未来PPCP的空间毒理学研究奠定了基础。

更新日期：2024-07-11

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