Measurement of Atmospheric Mercury: Current Limitations and Suggestions for Paths Forward,Environmental Science & Technology

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Measurement of Atmospheric Mercury: Current Limitations and Suggestions for Paths Forward
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06011
Mae Sexauer Gustin ₁ , Sarrah M Dunham-Cheatham ₁ , Seth Lyman _{2,

3} , Milena Horvat _{4,

5} , David A Gay ₆ , Jan Gačnik ₁ , Lynne Gratz ₇ , Geyan Kempkes ₈ , Alexei Khalizov ₉ , Che-Jen Lin ₁₀ , Steven E Lindberg ₁₁ , Livia Lown ₁ , Lynwill Martin ₁₂ , Robert Peter Mason ₁₃ , Katrina MacSween ₁₄ , Sreekanth Vijayakumaran Nair _{4,

5} , Ly Sy Phu Nguyen ₁₅ , Trevor O'Neil ₂ , Jonas Sommar ₁₆ , Peter Weiss-Penzias ₁₇ , Lei Zhang ₁₈ , Igor Živković _{4,

5}

Affiliation

College of Biotechnology, Natural Resources & Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States.
Bingham Research Center, Utah State University, Vernal, Utah 84078, United States.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53707-7996, United States.
Chemistry Department and Environmental Studies Program, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States.
University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0288, South Africa.
New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.
Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
South Africa Weather Service, Cape Town 7525, South Africa.
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States.
Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada.
Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000,Vietnam.
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, China.
University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States.
School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Mercury (Hg) researchers have made progress in understanding atmospheric Hg, especially with respect to oxidized Hg (Hg^II) that can represent 2 to 20% of Hg in the atmosphere. Knowledge developed over the past ∼10 years has pointed to existing challenges with current methods for measuring atmospheric Hg concentrations and the chemical composition of Hg^II compounds. Because of these challenges, atmospheric Hg experts met to discuss limitations of current methods and paths to overcome them considering ongoing research. Major conclusions included that current methods to measure gaseous oxidized and particulate-bound Hg have limitations, and new methods need to be developed to make these measurements more accurate. Developing analytical methods for measurement of Hg^II chemistry is challenging. While the ultimate goal is the development of ultrasensitive methods for online detection of Hg^II directly from ambient air, in the meantime, new surfaces are needed on which Hg^II can be quantitatively collected and from which it can be reversibly desorbed to determine Hg^II chemistry. Discussion and identification of current limitations, described here, provide a basis for paths forward. Since the atmosphere is the means by which Hg is globally distributed, accurately calibrated measurements are critical to understanding the Hg biogeochemical cycle.

中文翻译：

大气汞的测量：当前的局限性和前进道路的建议

汞 (Hg) 研究人员在了解大气汞方面取得了进展，特别是氧化汞 (Hg ^II )，它占大气中汞的 2% 至 20%。过去 10 年发展的知识表明，当前测量大气汞浓度和汞^II化合物化学成分的方法存在挑战。由于这些挑战，大气汞专家开会讨论了当前方法的局限性以及考虑到正在进行的研究来克服这些挑战的路径。主要结论包括，目前测量气态氧化汞和颗粒结合汞的方法存在局限性，需要开发新方法以使这些测量更加准确。开发测量 Hg ^II化学成分的分析方法具有挑战性。虽然最终目标是开发直接从环境空气中在线检测 Hg ^II的超灵敏方法，但与此同时，需要新的表面来定量收集 Hg ^II并从中可逆地解吸以确定 Hg ^II化学成分。这里描述的当前限制的讨论和识别为前进的道路提供了基础。由于大气是汞在全球分布的途径，因此准确校准的测量对于了解汞生物地球化学循环至关重要。

更新日期：2024-07-09

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