As electromagnetic showers may alter the abundance of Helium, Lithium, and Deuterium, we can place severe constraints on the lifetime and amount of electromagnetic energy injected by long-lived particles. Considering up-to-date measurements of the light element abundances that point to , , and the baryon-to-photon ratio obtained from the Cosmic Microwave Background data, , we derive upper limits on the fraction of electromagnetic energy produced by long-lived particles. Our findings apply to decaying dark matter models, long-lived gravitinos, and other non-thermal processes that occurred in the early universe between seconds.

中文翻译：

---

更新后的大爆炸核合成对来自暗区的长寿命粒子的限制


由于电磁簇射可能会改变氦、锂和氘的丰度，因此我们可以对长寿命粒子注入的电磁能的寿命和数量施加严格的限制。考虑到指向 、 的轻元素丰度的最新测量值，以及从宇宙微波背景数据中获得的重子与光子之比，我们得出了长寿命粒子产生的电磁能比例的上限。我们的发现适用于衰变的暗物质模型、长寿命的引力子以及早期宇宙中几秒之间发生的其他非热过程。