Genome integrity relies on the accuracy of DNA metabolism, but as appreciated for more than four decades, transcription enhances mutation and recombination frequencies. More recent research provided evidence for a previously unforeseen link between RNA and DNA metabolism, which is often related to the accumulation of DNA–RNA hybrids and R-loops. In addition to physiological roles, R-loops interfere with DNA replication and repair, providing a molecular scenario for the origin of genome instability. Here, we review current knowledge on the multiple RNA factors that prevent or resolve R-loops and consequent transcription–replication conflicts and thus act as modulators of genome dynamics.

中文翻译：

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作为 R 环抑制因子的 RNA 生物发生和 RNA 代谢因子：基因组完整性中的隐藏作用


基因组完整性依赖于 DNA 代谢的准确性，但正如四十多年来人们所认识的那样，转录会提高突变和重组频率。最近的研究为 RNA 和 DNA 代谢之间以前未预见到的联系提供了证据，这种联系通常与 DNA-RNA 杂合体和 R 环的积累有关。除了生理作用外，R 环还干扰 DNA 复制和修复，为基因组不稳定的起源提供了分子场景。在这里，我们回顾了目前关于多种 RNA 因子的知识，这些因子可以预防或解决 R 环以及随之而来的转录-复制冲突，从而充当基因组动力学的调节剂。