Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.,) is among the world's leading fruit crops. The production of grapes is severely affected by many diseases including gray mold, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Although all Vitis species can be hosts for B. cinerea, V. vinifera are particularly susceptible. Accordingly, this disease poses a significant threat to the grape industry and causes substantial economic losses. Development of resistant V. vinifera cultivars has progressed from incidental selection by farmers, to targeted selection through the use of statistics and experimental design, to the employment of genetic and genomic data. Emerging technologies such as marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering have facilitated the development of cultivars that possess resistance to B. cinerea. A promising method involves using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce targeted mutagenesis and develop genetically modified non-transgenic crops. Hence, scientists are now engaged in the active pursuit of identifying genes associated with susceptibility and resistance. This review focuses on the known mechanisms of interaction between the B. cinerea pathogen and its grapevine host. It also explores innate immune systems that have evolved in V. vinifera, with the objective of facilitating the rapid development of resistant grapevine cultivars.

中文翻译：

---

葡萄灰霉病：感染、防御与管理


葡萄 (Vitis vinifera L.,) 是世界主要的水果作物之一。葡萄的生产受到许多疾病的严重影响，包括由坏死性真菌灰葡萄孢引起的灰霉病。尽管所有葡萄品种都可能成为灰葡萄孢菌的宿主，但葡萄葡萄品种尤其容易受到影响。因此，该病害对葡萄产业构成重大威胁并造成重大经济损失。抗性葡萄品种的开发已从农民的偶然选择发展到通过使用统计和实验设计进行有针对性的选择，再到利用遗传和基因组数据。标记辅助选择和基因工程等新兴技术促进了对灰霉病具有抗性的品种的开发。一种有前途的方法涉及使用 CRISPR/Cas9 系统诱导定向诱变并开发转基因非转基因作物。因此，科学家们现在正在积极寻找与易感性和耐药性相关的基因。本综述重点关注灰霉病菌病原体与其葡萄宿主之间已知的相互作用机制。它还探索了葡萄中进化的先天免疫系统，目的是促进抗性葡萄品种的快速发展。