Friction remains as the primary mode of energy dissipation and components wear, and achieving superlubricity shows high promise in energy conservation and lifetime wear protection. The results in this work demonstrate that direct superlubricity combined with superlow wear can be realized for steel/Si₃N₄ contacts on engineering scale when polyhydroxy alcohol solution was selectively modified by amino group. Macroscopic direct superlubricity occurs because 3-amino-1,2-propanediol molecules at the friction interface could be induced to rotate and adsorb vertically on the friction surface, forming in-situ thick and dense molecular films to passivate the asperity contacts. Furthermore, amino modification is also conducive to improving the lubrication state from boundary to mixed lubrication regime by strengthening the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction, presenting enhanced load-bearing capability and reduced direct solid asperity contacts. Thus, direct superlow average friction of 0.01 combined with superlow wear are achieved simultaneously. The design principle of direct superlubricity and superlow wear in this work indeed offers an effective strategy to fundamentally improve energy efficiency and provide lifetime wear protection for moving mechanical assemblies.

摩擦仍然是能量耗散和部件磨损的主要模式，实现超润滑在节能和终身磨损保护方面显示出良好的前景。这项工作的结果表明，当多羟基醇溶液被氨基选择性改性时，可以在工程规模上实现钢/Si ₃ N ₄ 接触的直接超润滑和超低磨损。宏观直接超润滑的发生是因为摩擦界面上的3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇分子会被诱导旋转并垂直吸附在摩擦表面上，在原位形成厚而致密的分子膜以钝化粗糙接触。此外，氨基改性还有助于通过加强分子间氢键相互作用将润滑状态从边界润滑状态改善为混合润滑状态，从而增强承载能力并减少直接的固体粗糙接触。因此，可同时实现 0.01 的直接超低平均摩擦力和超低磨损。这项工作中的直接超润滑和超低磨损的设计原理确实提供了一种有效的策略，可以从根本上提高能源效率并为移动机械组件提供终身磨损保护。