Perovskite-based photovoltaics have attracted increasing research and industry interest owing to their abundant raw material, low-cost, high performance, and flexibility. After the rapid development of lab-scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs), there is a huge demand to promote their fab-scale manufacturing. Currently, great efforts have been made on developing large-area PSCs and their modules (PSMs), but it is still challenging to effectively fabricate efficient large-scale devices due to the problems brought by the amplification effect during scale-up. Therefore, an in-depth understanding on how to technically achieve the up-scaling of PSCs to PSMs is essential to further promote the lab-to-fab development of perovskite-based photovoltaics. In this review, we dedicate to providing a comprehensive review on the up-to-date progresses of the advanced technical strategies that aim at realizing upscale manufacturing of PSCs. We begin with the introduction of the problems during the upscaling of PSCs, including poor charge collection, inhomogeneous film-formation, and poor interfacial quality on large-area. Thereafter, the state-of-the-art strategies focusing on overcoming those problems are comprehensively summarized, including circuit design, large-area film deposition techniques, electrode design, and processing technique design. At last, we shed some light on the remaining challenges and promising opportunities to facilitate the lab-to-fab commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics.

中文翻译：

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将钙钛矿光伏从电池升级到模块的先进技术策略


钙钛矿基光伏材料由于其原材料丰富、成本低、高性能和灵活性而吸引了越来越多的研究和工业界的兴趣。实验室规模的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）快速发展后，对其晶圆厂规模的制造有巨大的需求。目前，人们在开发大面积PSC及其模块（PSM）方面做出了巨大努力，但由于放大过程中放大效应带来的问题，有效制造高效的大规模器件仍然具有挑战性。因此，深入了解如何在技术上实现PSC向PSM的放大对于进一步推动钙钛矿光伏器件从实验室到工厂的发展至关重要。在本次综述中，我们致力于对旨在实现PSC大规模制造的先进技术策略的最新进展进行全面综述。我们首先介绍了PSCs放大过程中存在的问题，包括电荷收集不良、成膜不均匀以及大面积界面质量差。此后，全面总结了致力于克服这些问题的最新策略，包括电路设计、大面积薄膜沉积技术、电极设计和加工技术设计。最后，我们阐明了促进钙钛矿光伏电池从实验室到工厂商业化的剩余挑战和有希望的机会。