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Unraveling spatial heterogeneity of soil legacy phosphorus in subtropical grasslands
Ecological Applications ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.3007 Jiangxiao Qiu 1, 2, 3 , Ran Zhi 2, 3 , Elizabeth H Boughton 4 , Haoyu Li 4 , Charlotte R B Henderson 2 , Daniel F Petticord 5 , Jed P Sparks 5 , Amartya Saha 4 , K Ramesh Reddy 3, 6
Ecological Applications ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.3007 Jiangxiao Qiu 1, 2, 3 , Ran Zhi 2, 3 , Elizabeth H Boughton 4 , Haoyu Li 4 , Charlotte R B Henderson 2 , Daniel F Petticord 5 , Jed P Sparks 5 , Amartya Saha 4 , K Ramesh Reddy 3, 6
Affiliation
Humans have profoundly altered phosphorus (P) cycling across scales. Agriculturally driven changes (e.g., excessive P‐fertilization and manure addition), in particular, have resulted in pronounced P accumulations in soils, often known as “soil legacy P.” These legacy P reserves serve as persistent and long‐term nonpoint sources, inducing downstream eutrophication and ecosystem services degradation. While there is considerable scientific and policy interest in legacy P, its fine‐scale spatial heterogeneity, underlying drivers, and scales of variance remain unclear. Here we present an extensive field sampling (150‐m interval grid) and analysis of 1438 surface soils (0–15 cm) in 2020 for two typical subtropical grassland types managed for livestock production: Intensively managed (IM) and Semi‐natural (SN) pastures. We ask the following questions: (1) What is the spatial variability, and are there hotspots of soil legacy P? (2) Does soil legacy P vary primarily within pastures, among pastures, or between pasture types? (3) How does soil legacy P relate to pasture management intensity, soil and geographic characteristics? and (4) What is the relationship between soil legacy P and aboveground plant tissue P concentration? Our results showed that three measurements of soil legacy P (total P, Mehlich‐1, and Mehlich‐3 extractable P representing labile P pools) varied substantially across the landscape. Spatial autoregressive models revealed that soil organic matter, pH, available Fe and Al, elevation, and pasture management intensity were crucial predictors for spatial patterns of soil P, although models were more reliable for predicting total P (68.9%) than labile P. Our analysis further demonstrated that total variance in soil legacy P was greater in IM than SN pastures, and intensified pasture management rescaled spatial patterns of soil legacy P. In particular, after controlling for sample size, soil P was extremely variable at small scales, with variance diminished as spatial scale increased. Our results suggest that broad pasture‐ or farm‐level best management practices may be limited and less efficient, especially for more IM pastures. Rather, management to curtail soil legacy P and mitigate P loading and losses should be implemented at fine scales designed to target spatially distinct P hotspots across the landscape.
中文翻译:
揭示亚热带草原土壤残留磷的空间异质性
人类已经深刻改变了磷 (P) 的跨尺度循环。特别是农业驱动的变化(例如过量施磷和添加粪肥)导致土壤中显着的磷积累,通常称为“土壤遗留磷”。这些遗留的磷储备作为持久的、长期的非点源,导致下游富营养化和生态系统服务退化。尽管对遗留 P 存在相当大的科学和政策兴趣,但其精细尺度的空间异质性、潜在驱动因素和方差规模仍不清楚。在这里,我们对 2020 年的 1438 个表层土壤(0-15 cm)进行了广泛的现场采样(150 米间隔网格),分析了两种典型的亚热带畜牧业草原类型:集约化管理(IM)和半自然(SN) )牧场。我们提出以下问题:(1)空间变异性如何,是否存在土壤遗留P的热点? (2) 土壤遗留 P 主要在牧场内部、牧场之间或牧场类型之间变化吗? (3) 土壤遗留P与牧场管理强度、土壤和地理特征有何关系? (4)土壤残留磷与地上植物组织磷浓度之间有何关系?我们的结果表明,土壤遗留 P 的三种测量值(总 P、Mehlich-1 和 Mehlich-3 可提取 P 代表不稳定 P 库)在整个景观中存在很大差异。空间自回归模型显示,土壤有机质、pH、有效铁和有效铝、海拔和牧场管理强度是土壤磷空间格局的关键预测因子,尽管模型预测总磷 (68.9%) 比预测不稳定磷更可靠。 我们的分析进一步表明,IM 牧场中土壤遗留 P 的总方差大于 SN 牧场,强化牧场管理重新调整了土壤遗留 P 的空间格局。特别是,在控制样本量后,土壤 P 在小尺度上变化极大,随着空间尺度的增加,方差减小。我们的结果表明,广泛的牧场或农场层面的最佳管理实践可能是有限的且效率较低,特别是对于更多的 IM 牧场。相反,应在精细尺度上实施减少土壤遗留磷并减轻磷负荷和损失的管理,旨在针对整个景观中空间上不同的磷热点。
更新日期:2024-07-10
中文翻译:
揭示亚热带草原土壤残留磷的空间异质性
人类已经深刻改变了磷 (P) 的跨尺度循环。特别是农业驱动的变化(例如过量施磷和添加粪肥)导致土壤中显着的磷积累,通常称为“土壤遗留磷”。这些遗留的磷储备作为持久的、长期的非点源,导致下游富营养化和生态系统服务退化。尽管对遗留 P 存在相当大的科学和政策兴趣,但其精细尺度的空间异质性、潜在驱动因素和方差规模仍不清楚。在这里,我们对 2020 年的 1438 个表层土壤(0-15 cm)进行了广泛的现场采样(150 米间隔网格),分析了两种典型的亚热带畜牧业草原类型:集约化管理(IM)和半自然(SN) )牧场。我们提出以下问题:(1)空间变异性如何,是否存在土壤遗留P的热点? (2) 土壤遗留 P 主要在牧场内部、牧场之间或牧场类型之间变化吗? (3) 土壤遗留P与牧场管理强度、土壤和地理特征有何关系? (4)土壤残留磷与地上植物组织磷浓度之间有何关系?我们的结果表明,土壤遗留 P 的三种测量值(总 P、Mehlich-1 和 Mehlich-3 可提取 P 代表不稳定 P 库)在整个景观中存在很大差异。空间自回归模型显示,土壤有机质、pH、有效铁和有效铝、海拔和牧场管理强度是土壤磷空间格局的关键预测因子,尽管模型预测总磷 (68.9%) 比预测不稳定磷更可靠。 我们的分析进一步表明,IM 牧场中土壤遗留 P 的总方差大于 SN 牧场,强化牧场管理重新调整了土壤遗留 P 的空间格局。特别是,在控制样本量后,土壤 P 在小尺度上变化极大,随着空间尺度的增加,方差减小。我们的结果表明,广泛的牧场或农场层面的最佳管理实践可能是有限的且效率较低,特别是对于更多的 IM 牧场。相反,应在精细尺度上实施减少土壤遗留磷并减轻磷负荷和损失的管理,旨在针对整个景观中空间上不同的磷热点。